In Islam, perfumes have an important significance as they appear in the Qur’ān and in the hadiths that collect the oral tradition about the Prophet Muhammad. Four aromatic substances are mentioned in the Qur’ān: rayḥān (translated as ‘basil’ or more generally as ‘fragrant herb’), kafūr (camphor), zanjabīl (ginger) and misk (musk). They only appear once each in the three following sūras: