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      The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 4.0

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      1 , 2 , , 3 , , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 5 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 7 , 13 , 7 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 7 , 17 , 18 , 11 , 6 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 17 , 23 , 24 , 6 , 25 , 26 , 4 , 6 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 14 , 30 , 6 , 27 , 31 , 19 , 27 , 6 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 20
      Scientific Data
      Nature Publishing Group UK
      Geomorphology, Geophysics, Ocean sciences

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          Abstract

          Bathymetry (seafloor depth), is a critical parameter providing the geospatial context for a multitude of marine scientific studies. Since 1997, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) has been the authoritative source of bathymetry for the Arctic Ocean. IBCAO has merged its efforts with the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO-Seabed 2030 Project, with the goal of mapping all of the oceans by 2030. Here we present the latest version (IBCAO Ver. 4.0), with more than twice the resolution (200 × 200 m versus 500 × 500 m) and with individual depth soundings constraining three times more area of the Arctic Ocean (∼19.8% versus 6.7%), than the previous IBCAO Ver. 3.0 released in 2012. Modern multibeam bathymetry comprises ∼14.3% in Ver. 4.0 compared to ∼5.4% in Ver. 3.0. Thus, the new IBCAO Ver. 4.0 has substantially more seafloor morphological information that offers new insights into a range of submarine features and processes; for example, the improved portrayal of Greenland fjords better serves predictive modelling of the fate of the Greenland Ice Sheet.

          Abstract

          Measurement(s) depth
          Technology Type(s) digital curation
          Factor Type(s) geographic location
          Sample Characteristic - Environment ocean floor
          Sample Characteristic - Location Arctic Ocean

          Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12369314

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          Most cited references68

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          Gridding with continuous curvature splines in tension

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            Escape of methane gas from the seabed along the West Spitsbergen continental margin

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              An improved bathymetric portrayal of the Arctic Ocean: Implications for ocean modeling and geological, geophysical and oceanographic analyses

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                martin.jakobsson@geo.su.se
                larry.mayer@ccom.unh.edu
                Journal
                Sci Data
                Sci Data
                Scientific Data
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2052-4463
                9 July 2020
                9 July 2020
                2020
                : 7
                : 176
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9377, GRID grid.10548.38, Department of Geological Sciences, , Stockholm University, ; Stockholm, Sweden
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9377, GRID grid.10548.38, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, , Stockholm University, ; 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2192 7145, GRID grid.167436.1, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, , University of New Hampshire, ; Durham, NH USA
                [4 ]National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Sgonico, Italy
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0247, GRID grid.5841.8, CRG Marine Geosciences, Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, , University of Barcelona, ; Barcelona, Spain
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7243, GRID grid.266093.8, Department of Earth System Science, , University of California, ; Irvine, CA USA
                [7 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1033 7684, GRID grid.10894.34, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, ; Bremerhaven, Germany
                [8 ]Access Arctic, Le Vieux Marigny, France
                [9 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2206 1080, GRID grid.175455.7, Geophysical Institute, , University of Alaska, ; Fairbanks, AK USA
                [10 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2206 1080, GRID grid.175455.7, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, , University of Alaska, ; Fairbanks, AK USA
                [11 ]Italian Hydrographic Service, Genoa, Italy
                [12 ]GRID grid.470085.e, Geological Survey of Canada, ; Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Canada
                [13 ]ISNI 0000000121885934, GRID grid.5335.0, Scott Polar Research Institute, , University of Cambridge, ; Cambridge, UK
                [14 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0598 3800, GRID grid.478592.5, UK Polar Data Centre, , British Antarctic Survey, ; Cambridge, UK
                [15 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2164 222X, GRID grid.473837.c, Canadian Hydrographic Service, ; Burlington, Ontario Canada
                [16 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2358 9135, GRID grid.452445.6, Geological Survey of Israel, ; Jerusalem, Israel
                [17 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0665 4310, GRID grid.425915.e, Norwegian Mapping Authority, Hydrographic Service, ; Stavanger, Norway
                [18 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0727 1477, GRID grid.410881.4, Korea Polar Research Institute, ; Incheon, South Korea
                [19 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9056 9663, GRID grid.15649.3f, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, ; Kiel, Germany
                [20 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0741 5039, GRID grid.424543.0, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, ; Nuuk, Greenland
                [21 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1017 5662, GRID grid.13508.3f, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, ; Copenhagen, Denmark
                [22 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7443, GRID grid.7914.b, Department of Earth Science, , University of Bergen, ; Bergen, Norway
                [23 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2112 9282, GRID grid.4444.0, Institut des Geosciences de l’Environment, , Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ; Grenoble, France
                [24 ]Danish Geodata Agency, Danish Hydrographic Office, Ålborg, Denmark
                [25 ]University Centre in Svalbard, Svalbard, Norway
                [26 ]Lynker Technologies, Seattle, USA
                [27 ]ISNI 0000000107068890, GRID grid.20861.3d, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, , California Institute of Technology, ; Pasadena, CA USA
                [28 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9321 1499, GRID grid.27736.37, Tomsk Polytechnic University, ; Tomsk, Russia
                [29 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1393 1398, GRID grid.417808.2, Laboratory of Arctic Studies, V.I. Il’ichov Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ; Vladivostok, Russia
                [30 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2164 222X, GRID grid.473837.c, Canadian Hydrographic Service, ; Darthmouth, Nova Scotia Canada
                [31 ]GRID grid.473840.c, British Oceanographic Data Centre, ; Liverpool, UK
                [32 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2192 9124, GRID grid.4886.2, Geological Institute, , Russian Academy of Sciences, ; Moscow, Russian Federation
                [33 ]GRID grid.453137.7, Second Institute of Oceanography, , Ministry of Natural Resources, ; Beijing, China
                [34 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2231 4236, GRID grid.474331.6, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, ; Seattle, USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-3559
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-1477
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6248-5512
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5267-7601
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-4363
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-5927
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1369-9482
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-0981
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2631-6615
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-1310
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2832-386X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-4081
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3074-7845
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9385-2135
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1205-989X
                Article
                520
                10.1038/s41597-020-0520-9
                7347603
                32647176
                dcdaab24-0e78-46fe-8044-7bc0a8cb23b2
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the metadata files associated with this article.

                History
                : 16 March 2020
                : 14 May 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: The Nippon Foundation of Japan, grant Seabed 2030
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100006196, NASA | Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL);
                Award ID: 1528152
                Award ID: 1528152
                Award ID: 1528152
                Award ID: 1528152
                Award ID: 1528152
                Award ID: 1528152
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Open access funding provided by Stockholm University
                Categories
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                © The Author(s) 2020

                geomorphology,geophysics,ocean sciences
                geomorphology, geophysics, ocean sciences

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