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      The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2

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      1 , , 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 3 , 11 , 12 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 7 , 12 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 4 , 26 , 4 , 27 , 10 , 28 , 29 , 23 , 30 , 31 , 12 , 1 , 3 , 4 , 32 , 33 , 21 , 15 , 34 , 3 , 35 , 36 , 30 , 31 , 37 , 12 , 28 , 10 , 38 , 39 , 14 , 14 , 1 , 40
      Scientific Data
      Nature Publishing Group UK
      Geomorphology, Cryospheric science

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          Abstract

          The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is a region that is key to a range of climatic and oceanographic processes with worldwide effects, and is characterised by high biological productivity and biodiversity. Since 2013, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) has represented the most comprehensive compilation of bathymetry for the Southern Ocean south of 60°S. Recently, the IBCSO Project has combined its efforts with the Nippon Foundation – GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project supporting the goal of mapping the world’s oceans by 2030. New datasets initiated a second version of IBCSO (IBCSO v2). This version extends to 50°S (covering approximately 2.4 times the area of seafloor of the previous version) including the gateways of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Antarctic circumpolar frontal systems. Due to increased (multibeam) data coverage, IBCSO v2 significantly improves the overall representation of the Southern Ocean seafloor and resolves many submarine landforms in more detail. This makes IBCSO v2 the most authoritative seafloor map of the area south of 50°S.

          Abstract

          Measurement(s) depth of water
          Technology Type(s) echosounder
          Factor Type(s) bathymetry
          Sample Characteristic - Environment sea floor
          Sample Characteristic - Location Southern Ocean

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          Most cited references27

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          SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python

          SciPy is an open-source scientific computing library for the Python programming language. Since its initial release in 2001, SciPy has become a de facto standard for leveraging scientific algorithms in Python, with over 600 unique code contributors, thousands of dependent packages, over 100,000 dependent repositories and millions of downloads per year. In this work, we provide an overview of the capabilities and development practices of SciPy 1.0 and highlight some recent technical developments.
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            Array programming with NumPy

            Array programming provides a powerful, compact and expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating and operating on data in vectors, matrices and higher-dimensional arrays. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language. It has an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, materials science, engineering, finance and economics. For example, in astronomy, NumPy was an important part of the software stack used in the discovery of gravitational waves 1 and in the first imaging of a black hole 2 . Here we review how a few fundamental array concepts lead to a simple and powerful programming paradigm for organizing, exploring and analysing scientific data. NumPy is the foundation upon which the scientific Python ecosystem is constructed. It is so pervasive that several projects, targeting audiences with specialized needs, have developed their own NumPy-like interfaces and array objects. Owing to its central position in the ecosystem, NumPy increasingly acts as an interoperability layer between such array computation libraries and, together with its application programming interface (API), provides a flexible framework to support the next decade of scientific and industrial analysis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Boris.Dorschel@awi.de
                Journal
                Sci Data
                Sci Data
                Scientific Data
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2052-4463
                7 June 2022
                7 June 2022
                2022
                : 9
                : 275
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.10894.34, ISNI 0000 0001 1033 7684, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, ; Bremerhaven, Germany
                [2 ]GRID grid.9654.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0372 3343, School of Environment, Faculty of Science, , University of Auckland, ; Auckland, New Zealand
                [3 ]GRID grid.4336.2, ISNI 0000 0001 2237 3826, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics OGS, Sgonico, ; Trieste, Italy
                [4 ]GRID grid.266093.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7243, Department of Earth System Science, , University of California Irvine, ; Irvine, CA USA
                [5 ]GRID grid.24516.34, ISNI 0000000123704535, College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, , Tongji University, ; Shanghai, China
                [6 ]Servicio Hidrográfico y Oceanográfico de la Armada de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
                [7 ]Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedition, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
                [8 ]GRID grid.15638.39, ISNI 0000 0004 0429 3066, GNS Science, ; Lower Hutt, New Zealand
                [9 ]GRID grid.421265.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1767 8176, Geological Survey of Spain (CN IGME-CSIC), ; Madrid, Spain
                [10 ]GRID grid.1016.6, ISNI 0000 0001 2173 2719, National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, CSIRO, ; Hobart, Tasmania Australia
                [11 ]GRID grid.466807.b, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), ; Granada, Spain
                [12 ]GRID grid.478592.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0598 3800, British Antarctic Survey, ; Cambridge, United Kingdom
                [13 ]GRID grid.11201.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2219 0747, University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, ; Plymouth, United Kingdom
                [14 ]GRID grid.473484.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1760 0811, Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, ; Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
                [15 ]GRID grid.466841.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1755 4130, Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR ISMAR), ; Bologna, Italy
                [16 ]GRID grid.266100.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2107 4242, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, , University of California, ; San Diego, La Jolla USA
                [17 ]GRID grid.454206.1, IHO Data Centre for Digital Bathymetry, NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, ; Boulder, Colorado USA
                [18 ]GRID grid.410913.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0400 5538, Korea Polar Research Institute, ; Incheon, Korea
                [19 ]GRID grid.10548.38, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9377, Department of Geological Sciences, , Stockholm University, ; Stockholm, Sweden
                [20 ]GRID grid.440937.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9059 0278, HafenCity University Hamburg, ; Hamburg, Germany
                [21 ]GRID grid.1047.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0416 0263, Australian Antarctic Division, ; Kingston, Tasmania Australia
                [22 ]GRID grid.465533.2, All Russian Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean, ; St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
                [23 ]GRID grid.4825.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0641 9240, IFREMER, Centre Bretagne, ; Plouzané, France
                [24 ]GRID grid.419676.b, ISNI 0000 0000 9252 5808, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), ; Wellington, New Zealand
                [25 ]GRID grid.167436.1, ISNI 0000 0001 2192 7145, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping, , University of New Hampshire, ; Durham, NH USA
                [26 ]GRID grid.503237.0, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, ; Grenoble, France
                [27 ]GRID grid.254880.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2179 2404, Department of Earth Sciences, , Dartmouth College, ; Hanover, NH USA
                [28 ]GRID grid.473157.3, ISNI 0000 0000 9175 9928, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, ; Palisades, NY USA
                [29 ]GRID grid.410816.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2161 5539, National Institute of Polar Research, ; Tokyo, Japan
                [30 ]GRID grid.452453.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0606 1752, Geoscience Australia, ; Canberra, Australia
                [31 ]GRID grid.1009.8, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 826X, Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, , University of Tasmania, ; Hobart, Tasmania Australia
                [32 ]GRID grid.211367.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0637 6500, California Institute of Technology’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, ; Pasadena, CA USA
                [33 ]GRID grid.266093.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7243, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, , University of California Irvine, ; Irvine, CA USA
                [34 ]GRID grid.424187.c, ISNI 0000 0001 1942 9788, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, ; St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
                [35 ]GRID grid.438279.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0404 9936, Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine, ; Brest, Bretagne France
                [36 ]GRID grid.5491.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9297, Ocean and Earth Science, , University of Southampton, ; Southampton, United Kingdom
                [37 ]GRID grid.418022.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0603 464X, British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, ; Southampton, United Kingdom
                [38 ]GRID grid.473840.c, British Oceanographic Data Centre, National Oceanography Centre, ; Liverpool, United Kingdom
                [39 ]GRID grid.7704.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2297 4381, MARUM and Faculty of Geosciences, , University of Bremen, ; Bremen, Germany
                [40 ]GRID grid.425106.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2294 3155, Federal Institute of Hydrology, ; Koblenz, Germany
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-5927
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-8945
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7477-5058
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-8606
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3507-5953
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-702X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-8816
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-0981
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-5800
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1256-8010
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-3559
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8414-7389
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-1310
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-547X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-4244
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5474-2224
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6287-3283
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-4081
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3366-0481
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-7086
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7451-3878
                Article
                1366
                10.1038/s41597-022-01366-7
                9174482
                35641547
                98aff350-b555-45f3-a387-4d8b7a0fa43a
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 10 November 2021
                : 5 May 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100007412, Nippon Foundation;
                Categories
                Data Descriptor
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                © The Author(s) 2022

                geomorphology,cryospheric science
                geomorphology, cryospheric science

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