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      Battling extraordinary situations and conflicting emotions—A qualitative study of being a newly graduated Registered Nurse in the emergency department during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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          Abstract

          Aim

          To describe newly graduated registered nurses’ (NGRNs’) experiences of encountering stress in emergency departments (EDs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

          Design

          A qualitative descriptive study.

          Methods

          Data from 14 in‐depth interviews with NGRNs working in an ED for 3‐36 months after graduation was analysed by the means of qualitative content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman. Interviews were conducted from March to November 2020 covering the first two waves of the pandemic.

          Results

          Data revealed three categories and nine subcategories comprised in the theme Battling extraordinary situations and conflicting emotions. Empowered by acknowledging themselves as important caregivers during the pandemic NGRNs struggle against limitations and exert themselves beyond their known limit. External stressors due to work overload in combination with understaffing force NGRNs into the role of the experienced nurse prematurely and internal stressors derives from part taking in less qualitative care.

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          Most cited references58

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          Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups.

          Qualitative research explores complex phenomena encountered by clinicians, health care providers, policy makers and consumers. Although partial checklists are available, no consolidated reporting framework exists for any type of qualitative design. To develop a checklist for explicit and comprehensive reporting of qualitative studies (in depth interviews and focus groups). We performed a comprehensive search in Cochrane and Campbell Protocols, Medline, CINAHL, systematic reviews of qualitative studies, author or reviewer guidelines of major medical journals and reference lists of relevant publications for existing checklists used to assess qualitative studies. Seventy-six items from 22 checklists were compiled into a comprehensive list. All items were grouped into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. Duplicate items and those that were ambiguous, too broadly defined and impractical to assess were removed. Items most frequently included in the checklists related to sampling method, setting for data collection, method of data collection, respondent validation of findings, method of recording data, description of the derivation of themes and inclusion of supporting quotations. We grouped all items into three domains: (i) research team and reflexivity, (ii) study design and (iii) data analysis and reporting. The criteria included in COREQ, a 32-item checklist, can help researchers to report important aspects of the research team, study methods, context of the study, findings, analysis and interpretations.
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            Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness.

            Qualitative content analysis as described in published literature shows conflicting opinions and unsolved issues regarding meaning and use of concepts, procedures and interpretation. This paper provides an overview of important concepts (manifest and latent content, unit of analysis, meaning unit, condensation, abstraction, content area, code, category and theme) related to qualitative content analysis; illustrates the use of concepts related to the research procedure; and proposes measures to achieve trustworthiness (credibility, dependability and transferability) throughout the steps of the research procedure. Interpretation in qualitative content analysis is discussed in light of Watzlawick et al.'s [Pragmatics of Human Communication. A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies and Paradoxes. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, London] theory of communication.
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              • Article: not found

              A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak

              Highlights • Commonly reported symptoms are headache, throat pain and lethargy. • A large number of healthcare workers report more than four symptoms. • Those with physical symptoms had higher rates of depression, anxiety, stress, PTSD. • Those with physical symptoms had higher mean scores in the IES-R, DASS subscales. • Association between physical symptoms and psychological outcomes may be bidirectional.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                hillewi.carnesten@mdu.se
                Journal
                Nurs Open
                Nurs Open
                10.1002/(ISSN)2054-1058
                NOP2
                Nursing Open
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2054-1058
                28 May 2022
                28 May 2022
                : 10.1002/nop2.1250
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] School of Health, Care and Social Welfare Mälardalen University Eskilstuna Västerås Sweden
                [ 2 ] Department of Health and Care Sciences UiT/The Arctic University of Norway Narvik Norway
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence



                Hillewi Carnesten, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Box 325, SE‐631 05, Eskilstuna, Sweden.

                Email: hillewi.carnesten@ 123456mdu.se

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-849X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-577X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8169
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6292-7010
                Article
                NOP21250 NOP-2021-Sep-1464.R1
                10.1002/nop2.1250
                9348284
                35633153
                d1831f71-784c-411c-853b-d249190373c9
                © 2022 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                : 23 March 2022
                : 15 September 2021
                : 10 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Pages: 11, Words: 9292
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                corrected-proof
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.1.7 mode:remove_FC converted:03.08.2022

                advanced nursing,care,covid ‐19,emergency department,emergency care,nurses,qualitative approaches,stress

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