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      Psychobiologische Einflussfaktoren für den Schweregrad einer Depression bei jungen Mädchen

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      Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
      Hogrefe Publishing Group

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Depressionen bereits bei Kindern und Jugendlichen kommen häufig vor. Es besteht ein dringender Bedarf zur Aufklärung von Faktoren, die die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Störung beeinflussen. Stress und Stressverarbeitung sind aufgrund der vorliegenden Literatur bedeutsam beteiligt. Ergebnisse: Die psychische Stressbelastung führt zu einer Verstärkung der Depression. Dies gilt auch für die mangelnde Suche nach sozialer Unterstützung und aggressive sowie resignative Stressbewältigungsstrategien. Unabhängig von diesen Faktoren spielt auch die Hyperaktivität der HNA-Achse eine Rolle. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse passen zum kognitiven Modell von Beck, wenn auch die Hyperaktivität der HNA-Achse berücksichtigt wird.

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          Most cited references54

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          Specific coping behaviors in relation to adolescent depression and suicidal ideation.

          The coping strategies used by adolescents to deal with stress may have implications for the development of depression and suicidal ideation. This study examined coping categories and specific coping behaviors used by adolescents to assess the relation of coping to depression and suicidal ideation. In hierarchical regression models, the specific coping behaviors of behavioral disengagement and self-blame were predictive of higher levels of depression; depression and using emotional support were predictive of suicidal ideation. Results suggest that specific behaviors within the broad coping categories of emotion-focused coping (e.g., self-blame) and avoidant coping (e.g., behavioral disengagement) account for these categories' associations with depression and suicidal ideation. Specific problem-focused coping strategies did not independently predict lower levels of depression or suicidal ideation. It may be beneficial for interventions to focus on eliminating maladaptive coping behaviors in addition to introducing or enhancing positive coping behaviors. Copyright © 2010 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Characteristics, correlates, and outcomes of childhood and adolescent depressive disorders

            Depressive illness beginning early in life can have serious developmental and functional consequences. Therefore, understanding the disorder during this developmental stage is critical for determining its etiology and course, as well as for deveiopinq effective intervention straieqies. This paper summarizes current knoviedqe reqardinq the etiology, phenomenoiogy, correlates, natural course, and consequences of unipolar depression in children and adolescents. Using adult depression as a framevork, the unique aspects of childhood and adolescence are considered in order to better understand depression within a developmental context. The data suggest that the clinical presentation, correlates, and natural course of depression are remarkably similar across the lifespan. There are, however, important developmental differences. Specifically, the familial and psychological context in which depression develops in youngsters is associated with variability in the frequency and nature of depressive symptoms and comorbid conditions among children and adolescents. Maturational differences have also been identified in the neurobiological correlates of depression. These developmental differences may be associated with the observed variability in clinical response to treatment and longitudinal course. Characterization of the developmental differences will be helpful in developing more specific and effective interventions for youngsters, thereby allowing them to reach their full potential as adults.
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              Self-esteem in Early Adolescence as Predictor of Depressive Symptoms in Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Motivational and Social Factors

              Ample research has shown that low self-esteem increases the risk to develop depressive symptoms during adolescence. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains largely unknown, as well as how long adolescents with low self-esteem remain vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms. Insight into this mechanism may not only result in a better theoretical understanding but also provide directions for possible interventions. To address these gaps in knowledge, we investigated whether self-esteem in early adolescence predicted depressive symptoms in late adolescence and early adulthood. Moreover, we investigated a cascading mediational model, in which we focused on factors that are inherently related to self-esteem and the adolescent developmental period: approach and avoidance motivation and the social factors social contact, social problems, and social support. We used data from four waves of the TRAILS study (N = 2228, 51% girls): early adolescence (mean age 11 years), middle adolescence (mean age 14 years), late adolescence (mean age 16 years), and early adulthood (mean age 22 years). Path-analyses showed that low self-esteem is an enduring vulnerability for developing depressive symptoms. Self-esteem in early adolescence predicted depressive symptoms in late adolescence as well as early adulthood. This association was independently mediated by avoidance motivation and social problems, but not by approach motivation. The effect sizes were relatively small, indicating that having low self-esteem is a vulnerability factor, but does not necessarily predispose adolescents to developing depressive symptoms on their way to adulthood. Our study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association between self-esteem and depressive symptoms, and has identified avoidance motivation and social problems as possible targets for intervention.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
                Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
                Hogrefe Publishing Group
                1616-3443
                2190-6297
                April 2024
                April 2024
                : 53
                : 2
                : 84-92
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Universität Trier, Deutschland
                Article
                10.1026/1616-3443/a000759
                b5b17a89-f49e-45a0-878b-d7dca99482fe
                © 2024
                History

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