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      Surface plasmon-photosensitizer resonance coupling: an enhanced singlet oxygen production platform for broad-spectrum photodynamic inactivation of bacteria

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          Abstract

          A general platform to improve singlet oxygen production via resonance coupling between surface plasmon and photosensitizers, and for broad-spectrum photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.

          Abstract

          Singlet oxygen plays a critical role in a great number of applications including photodynamic therapy of cancers, photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms, photooxidation, and photodegradation of polymers. Herein we demonstrate a general platform to improve singlet oxygen production via resonance coupling between surface plasmon and photosensitizers. By loading photosensitizers into mesoporous silica containing silver nanoparticles, strong resonance coupling between the photosensitizers and the silver core markedly increases the singlet oxygen production, by up to three orders of magnitude in some cases. It is observed that the more spectral overlap between the surface plasmon resonance spectrum of the silver core and the photosensitizers' absorption spectra, the greater the singlet oxygen production. The as-synthesized hybrids have shown exceptionally high photoinactivation efficiency against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This work establishes a general platform to improve singlet oxygen production and to develop more effective and efficient hybrid photosensitizers for broad-spectrum photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.

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          Most cited references47

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          Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal.

          The antibacterial action of silver is utilized in numerous consumer products and medical devices. Metallic silver, silver salts, and also silver nanoparticles are used for this purpose. The state of research on the effect of silver on bacteria, cells, and higher organisms is summarized. It can be concluded that the therapeutic window for silver is narrower than often assumed. However, the risks for humans and the environment are probably limited. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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            Negligible particle-specific antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles.

            For nearly a decade, researchers have debated the mechanisms by which AgNPs exert toxicity to bacteria and other organisms. The most elusive question has been whether the AgNPs exert direct "particle-specific" effects beyond the known antimicrobial activity of released silver ions (Ag(+)). Here, we infer that Ag(+) is the definitive molecular toxicant. We rule out direct particle-specific biological effects by showing the lack of toxicity of AgNPs when synthesized and tested under strictly anaerobic conditions that preclude Ag(0) oxidation and Ag(+) release. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the toxicity of various AgNPs (PEG- or PVP- coated, of three different sizes each) accurately follows the dose-response pattern of E. coli exposed to Ag(+) (added as AgNO(3)). Surprisingly, E. coli survival was stimulated by relatively low (sublethal) concentration of all tested AgNPs and AgNO(3) (at 3-8 μg/L Ag(+), or 12-31% of the minimum lethal concentration (MLC)), suggesting a hormetic response that would be counterproductive to antimicrobial applications. Overall, this work suggests that AgNP morphological properties known to affect antimicrobial activity are indirect effectors that primarily influence Ag(+) release. Accordingly, antibacterial activity could be controlled (and environmental impacts could be mitigated) by modulating Ag(+) release, possibly through manipulation of oxygen availability, particle size, shape, and/or type of coating.
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              Singlet oxygen: there is indeed something new under the sun.

              Singlet oxygen, O(2)(a(1)Delta(g)), the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, has been known to the scientific community for approximately 80 years. It has a characteristic chemistry that sets it apart from the triplet ground state of molecular oxygen, O(2)(X(3)Sigma), and is important in fields that range from atmospheric chemistry and materials science to biology and medicine. For such a "mature citizen", singlet oxygen nevertheless remains at the cutting-edge of modern science. In this critical review, recent work on singlet oxygen is summarized, focusing primarily on systems that involve light. It is clear that there is indeed still something new under the sun (243 references).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JMCBDV
                J. Mater. Chem. B
                J. Mater. Chem. B
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2050-750X
                2050-7518
                2014
                2014
                : 2
                : 40
                : 7073-7081
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Chemistry
                [2 ]University of Cincinnati
                [3 ]Cincinnati, USA
                [4 ]Drug Discovery Center
                Article
                10.1039/C4TB01139B
                012aed87-9948-458f-8aab-3a38c18712bd
                © 2014
                History

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