0
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Teaching medical students how to interact with the pharmaceutical industry: A scoping review Translated title: Ausbildung von Medizinstudierenden in der Interaktion mit der pharmazeutischen Industrie: Ein Scoping Review

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objectives: The influence of the pharmaceutical industry is of significant concern in physician prescribing decisions; medical students may not be fully equipped with the knowledge or skills to manage interactions with industry prior to graduation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of educational interventions undertaken to improve students’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills in managing interactions with the pharmaceutical industry.

          Methods: A systematic search of Ovid Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and ERIC databases identified 3210 primary studies with keywords related to “pharmaceutical industry” and “undergraduate medical education”. Eleven articles were included for review.

          Results: Disparate methods of teaching medical students how to interact with the pharmaceutical industry were identified, making it difficult to compare the effectiveness of different educational interventions. All the included studies achieved the aims of the described intervention, at least in the short term, suggesting perhaps any education related to interactions with the pharmaceutical industry can aid students in managing these situations.

          Conclusions: The lack of an evidence-base means more research into the identification of educational interventions which engender durable changes in students' knowledge, attitudes, and skills to manage interactions with the pharmaceutical industry are required. Any intervention will likely be context-dependent, as a universal approach is hindered by the fact different countries have different laws governing pharmaceutical industry-physician interaction.

          Zusammenfassung

          Ziele: Der Einfluss der pharmazeutischen Industrie ist von erheblichem Belang für die Verschreibungsentscheidungen von Ärzt*innen. Medizinstudierende werden vor ihrem Abschluss möglicherweise nicht vollumfänglich mit den nötigen Kenntnissen oder Kompetenzen für die Interaktion mit der Industrie ausgestattet. Ziel dieser Studie war die Evaluation der Charakteristika von Lehrinterventionen zur Verbesserung der Kenntnisse, Verhaltensweisen und Kompetenzen der Studierenden im Umgang mit der pharmazeutischen Industrie.

          Methoden: Bei der systematischen Durchsuchung der Datenbanken Ovid Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL und ERIC wurden 3210 Primärstudien mit den Suchwörtern „pharmaceutical industry“ (pharmazeutische Industrie) und „undergraduate medical education“ (Medizinstudium) identifiziert. Elf Artikel wurden in den Review eingeschlossen.

          Ergebnis: Die Recherche ergab, dass die beschriebenen Methoden der Ausbildung von Medizinstudierenden in der Interaktion mit der pharmazeutischen Industrie sehr unterschiedlich waren, weshalb es schwierig ist, die Wirksamkeit der verschiedenen Lehrinterventionen zu vergleichen. Alle eingeschlossenen Studien erreichten die Ziele der beschriebenen Intervention zumindest kurzfristig, was nahelegt, dass möglicherweise jede Bildungsmaßnahme zur Interaktion mit der pharmazeutischen Industrie für Studierende hilfreich sein kann im Umgang mit diesen Situationen.

          Fazit: Der Mangel an Evidenzgrundlagen bedeutet, dass weitere Forschung nötig ist, um Lehrinterventionen zu identifizieren, die nachhaltige Veränderungen der Kenntnisse, Verhaltensweisen und Kompetenzen der Studierenden in der Interaktion mit der pharmazeutischen Industrie bewirken. Die Intervention wird wohl von den jeweiligen Bedingungen abhängig sein, da einem universellen Ansatz die Tatsache entgegensteht, dass für Interaktionen zwischen Pharmaindustrie und Ärzt*innen in verschiedenen Ländern verschiedene Gesetze gelten.

          Related collections

          Most cited references33

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation

          Scoping reviews, a type of knowledge synthesis, follow a systematic approach to map evidence on a topic and identify main concepts, theories, sources, and knowledge gaps. Although more scoping reviews are being done, their methodological and reporting quality need improvement. This document presents the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist and explanation. The checklist was developed by a 24-member expert panel and 2 research leads following published guidance from the EQUATOR (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research) Network. The final checklist contains 20 essential reporting items and 2 optional items. The authors provide a rationale and an example of good reporting for each item. The intent of the PRISMA-ScR is to help readers (including researchers, publishers, commissioners, policymakers, health care providers, guideline developers, and patients or consumers) develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology, core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: is a gift ever just a gift?

            A Wazana (2000)
            Controversy exists over the fact that physicians have regular contact with the pharmaceutical industry and its sales representatives, who spend a large sum of money each year promoting to them by way of gifts, free meals, travel subsidies, sponsored teachings, and symposia. To identify the extent of and attitudes toward the relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry and its representatives and its impact on the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of physicians. A MEDLINE search was conducted for English-language articles published from 1994 to present, with review of reference lists from retrieved articles; in addition, an Internet database was searched and 5 key informants were interviewed. A total of 538 studies that provided data on any of the study questions were targeted for retrieval, 29 of which were included in the analysis. Data were extracted by 1 author. Articles using an analytic design were considered to be of higher methodological quality. Physician interactions with pharmaceutical representatives were generally endorsed, began in medical school, and continued at a rate of about 4 times per month. Meetings with pharmaceutical representatives were associated with requests by physicians for adding the drugs to the hospital formulary and changes in prescribing practice. Drug company-sponsored continuing medical education (CME) preferentially highlighted the sponsor's drug(s) compared with other CME programs. Attending sponsored CME events and accepting funding for travel or lodging for educational symposia were associated with increased prescription rates of the sponsor's medication. Attending presentations given by pharmaceutical representative speakers was also associated with nonrational prescribing. The present extent of physician-industry interactions appears to affect prescribing and professional behavior and should be further addressed at the level of policy and education.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry generally and sales representatives specifically and their association with physicians’ attitudes and prescribing habits: a systematic review

              Objectives The objective of this review is to explore interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry including sales representatives and their impact on physicians’ attitude and prescribing habits. Data sources PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google scholar electronic databases were searched from 1992 to August 2016 using free-text words and medical subject headings relevant to the topic. Study selection Studies included cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, randomised trials and survey designs. Studies with narrative reviews, case reports, opinion polls and letters to the editor were excluded from data synthesis. Data extraction Two reviewers independently extracted the data. Data on study design, study year, country, participant characteristics, setting and number of participants were collected. Data synthesis Pharmaceutical industry and pharmaceutical sales representative (PSR) interactions influence physicians’ attitudes and their prescribing behaviour and increase the number of formulary addition requests for the company’s drug. Conclusion Physician–pharmaceutical industry and its sales representative’s interactions and acceptance of gifts from the company’s PSRs have been found to affect physicians’ prescribing behaviour and are likely to contribute to irrational prescribing of the company’s drug. Therefore, intervention in the form of policy implementation and education about the implications of these interactions is needed.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS Journal for Medical Education
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                2366-5017
                15 November 2022
                2022
                : 39
                : 5
                : Doc57
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Melbourne, Australia
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Justin L. Bilszta, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Parkville VIC 3010, AUS-3052 Melbourne, Australia, E-mail: jbilszta@ 123456unimelb.edu.au
                Article
                zma001578 Doc57 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0015788
                10.3205/zma001578
                9733477
                ebbf7863-cd48-4381-a7f5-4fe7fa4c8822
                Copyright © 2022 Farah et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. See license information at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 18 January 2022
                : 04 August 2022
                : 24 May 2022
                Categories
                Article

                education,medical,undergraduate,curriculum,medical students,drug industry

                Comments

                Comment on this article