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      Peer Victimization Influences Attention Processing Beyond the Effects of Childhood Maltreatment by Caregivers

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          Abstract

          Background

          Different types of maltreatment (emotional, physical, and sexual) lead to distortions in emotion and attention processing. The present study investigated whether the experience of peer victimization in childhood and adolescence has an additional influence on attention processing in adulthood.

          Methods

          Two non-clinical samples consisting of individuals with different levels of experiences of maltreatment were recruited. In an evaluative conditioning task, images of faces with neutral emotional expression were either associated with short videos of intense negative statements, or associated with neutral videos. Subsequently, these faces were used as stimuli in an emotional Stroop task as well as a dot-probe task.

          Results

          In both tasks, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that retrospective reports of relational peer victimization made an incremental contribution to the prediction of attentional biases beyond child maltreatment. In the emotional Stroop task, emotional abuse was the strongest predictor for an attentional bias showing delayed responses to negatively associated faces, while peer victimization was associated with faster responses to negatively associated faces. In the dot-probe task, relational peer victimization was the strongest predictor for an attentional bias. When the attentional bias was examined in more detail, though, peer victimization did not show incremental contributions although emotional abuse remained the strongest predictor for facilitated attention toward negatively associated neutral faces.

          Conclusion

          Experiences of peer victimization leave additional cognitive scars beyond effects of childhood maltreatment by caregivers. It is likely that attentional biases in the aftermath of victimization put individuals at risk for the development of psychopathology.

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          Most cited references98

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          Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses.

          Franz Faul, Edgar Erdfelder, Axel Buchner … (2009)
          G*Power is a free power analysis program for a variety of statistical tests. We present extensions and improvements of the version introduced by Faul, Erdfelder, Lang, and Buchner (2007) in the domain of correlation and regression analyses. In the new version, we have added procedures to analyze the power of tests based on (1) single-sample tetrachoric correlations, (2) comparisons of dependent correlations, (3) bivariate linear regression, (4) multiple linear regression based on the random predictor model, (5) logistic regression, and (6) Poisson regression. We describe these new features and provide a brief introduction to their scope and handling.
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            Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions.

            J. R. Stroop (1935)
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              Attentional bias in emotional disorders.

              Colin MacLeod, Andrew Mathews, Philip Tata (1986)
              Article 0 comments Cited 663 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Psychol.
                Title: Frontiers in Psychology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-1078
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 March 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 13
                Electronic Location Identifier: 784147
                Affiliations
                Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University , Bielefeld, Germany
                Author notes

                Edited by: Annie Ginty, Baylor University, United States

                Reviewed by: Jun Moriya, Kansai University, Japan; Craig Leth-Steensen, Carleton University, Canada

                *Correspondence: Benjamin Iffland, benjamin.iffland@ 123456uni-bielefeld.de

                This article was submitted to Developmental Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.784147
                PMC ID: 8931489
                PubMed ID: 35310289
                SO-VID: e8801658-84bc-4fb7-9fd6-41bb20388baf
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Iffland and Neuner.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 27 September 2021
                Date accepted : 26 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 7, Equations: 0, References: 98, Pages: 16, Words: 13635
                Categories
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: child maltreatment,peer victimization,attentional bias,emotional stroop,dot-probe
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: child maltreatment, peer victimization, attentional bias, emotional stroop, dot-probe

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