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      Politicizing the Mask: Political, Economic and Demographic Factors Affecting Mask Wearing Behavior in the USA

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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Eastern Economic Journal
      Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
      Keywords: Facemask wearing, Corona virus, COVID-19, Donald Trump, Mask mandates, D72, I12, I18

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          Abstract

          This paper uses survey data at the county level to explore the factors determining mask-wearing behavior in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical results provide evidence that the tendency to wear a mask while in public is significantly lower in counties where then-candidate Donald Trump found strong support during the 2016 presidential election. In addition, states with mask-wearing mandates tend to witness greater mask-wearing behavior.

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          Is Open Access

          Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19

          Renyi Zhang, Yixin Li, Annie L Zhang … (2020)
          Significance We have elucidated the transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by analyzing the trend and mitigation measures in the three epicenters. Our results show that the airborne transmission route is highly virulent and dominant for the spread of COVID-19. The mitigation measures are discernable from the trends of the pandemic. Our analysis reveals that the difference with and without mandated face covering represents the determinant in shaping the trends of the pandemic. This protective measure significantly reduces the number of infections. Other mitigation measures, such as social distancing implemented in the United States, are insufficient by themselves in protecting the public. Our work also highlights the necessity that sound science is essential in decision-making for the current and future public health pandemics.
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            Using Heteroscedasticity to Identify and Estimate Mismeasured and Endogenous Regressor Models

            Arthur Lewbel (2012)
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              A RAPID SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFICACY OF FACE MASKS AND RESPIRATORS AGAINST CORONAVIRUSES AND OTHER RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSIBLE VIRUSES FOR THE COMMUNITY, HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND SICK PATIENTS

              C Raina Macintyre, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai (2020)
              Background The pandemic of COVID-19 is growing, and a shortage of masks and respirators has been reported globally. Policies of health organizations for healthcare workers are inconsistent, with a change in policy in the US for universal face mask use. The aim of this study was to review the evidence around the efficacy of masks and respirators for healthcare workers, sick patients and the general public. Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials on use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers, sick patients and community members was conducted. Articles were searched on Medline and Embase using key search terms. Results A total of 19 randomised controlled trials were included in this study – 8 in community settings, 6 in healthcare settings and 5 as source control. Most of these randomised controlled trials used different interventions and outcome measures. In the community, masks appeared to be more effective than hand hygiene alone, and both together are more protective. Randomised controlled trials in health care workers showed that respirators, if worn continually during a shift, were effective but not if worn intermittently. Medical masks were not effective, and cloth masks even less effective. When used by sick patients randomised controlled trials suggested protection of well contacts. Conclusion The study suggests that community mask use by well people could be beneficial, particularly for COVID-19, where transmission may be pre-symptomatic. The studies of masks as source control also suggest a benefit, and may be important during the COVID-19 pandemic in universal community face mask use as well as in health care settings. Trials in healthcare workers support the use of respirators continuously during a shift. This may prevent health worker infections and deaths from COVID-19, as aerosolisation in the hospital setting has been documented.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Leo H. Kahane: lkahane@providence.edu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): East Econ J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): East Econ J
                Title: Eastern Economic Journal
                Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK (London )
                ISSN (Print): 0094-5056
                ISSN (Electronic): 1939-4632
                Publication date (Electronic): 5 January 2021
                Pages: 1-21
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.418778.5, ISNI 0000 0000 9812 3543, Michael A. Ruane Distinguished Chair in Economics, Department of Economics, , Providence College, ; 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918 USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 186
                DOI: 10.1057/s41302-020-00186-0
                PMC ID: 7783295
                PubMed ID: 33424048
                SO-VID: dfe95728-195d-4466-8049-100fcd139802
                Copyright © © EEA 2021
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: facemask wearing,corona virus,covid-19,donald trump,mask mandates,d72,i12,i18
                Data availability:
                Keywords: facemask wearing, corona virus, covid-19, donald trump, mask mandates, d72, i12, i18

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