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      Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-1) in Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          (1) To test the effect of local administration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). (2) To test the effect of local administration of IGF-1 in patients with ototoxicity.

          Methods:

          Forty patients with SNHL were included in the study. Their hearing thresholds at different frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) along with the average hearing threshold were noted. The patients were then randomly allocated to 2 groups and were treated with IGF-1 via one of the following routes: (1) intratympanic injection and (2) Gelfoam.

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          Most cited references33

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          Orexin activation counteracts decreases in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) caused by high-fat diet.

          P.E. Bunney, A.N. Zink, A.A. Holm … (2017)
          Overweight and obesity result from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, including expenditure from spontaneous physical activity (SPA). Changes in SPA and resulting changes in non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) likely interact with diet to influence risk for obesity. However, previous research on the relationship between diet, physical activity, and energy expenditure has been mixed. The neuropeptide orexin is a driver of SPA, and orexin neuron activity can be manipulated using DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs). We hypothesized that HFD decreases SPA and NEAT, and that DREADD-mediated activation of orexin neuron signaling would abolish this decrease and produce an increase in NEAT instead. To test these ideas, we characterized behaviors to determine the extent to which access to a high-fat diet (HFD) influences the proportion and probability of engaging in food intake and activity. We then measured NEAT following access to HFD and following a DREADD intervention targeting orexin neurons. Two cohorts of orexin-cre male mice were injected with an excitatory DREADD virus into the caudal hypothalamus, where orexin neurons are concentrated. Mice were then housed in continuous metabolic phenotyping cages (Sable Promethion). Food intake, indirect calorimetry, and SPA were automatically measured every second. For cohort 1 (n=8), animals were given access to chow, then switched to HFD. For cohort 2 (n=4/group), half of the animals were given access to HFD, the other access to chow. Then, among animals on HFD, orexin neurons were activated following injections of clozapine n-oxide (CNO). Mice on HFD spent significantly less time eating (p<0.01) and more time inactive compared to mice on chow (p<0.01). Following a meal, mice on HFD were significantly more likely to engage in periods of inactivity compared to those on chow (p<0.05). NEAT was decreased in animals on HFD, and was increased to the NEAT level of control animals following activation of orexin neurons with DREADDs. Food intake (kilocalories) was not significantly different between mice on chow and HFD, yet mice on chow expended more energy per unit of SPA, relative to that in mice consuming HFD. These results suggest that HFD consumption reduces SPA and NEAT, and increases inactivity following a meal. Together, the data suggest a change in the efficiency of energy expenditure based upon diet, such that SPA during HFD burns fewer calories compared to SPA on a standard chow diet.
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            Intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal growth failure associated with deletion of the insulin-like growth factor I gene.

            K Woods, C. Camacho-Hübner, M O Savage … (1996)
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              Sudden hearing loss: eight years' experience and suggested prognostic table.

              F M Byl (1984)
              The etiology, incidence, acute and late prognosis, and treatment of sudden hearing loss (SHL) are described variously in the literature. In an 8-year prospective study of 225 SHL patients, initiated in July 1973, overall, normal, or complete recovery occurred in 45% of patients and late otologic complications in 28%. Important prognostic indicators were severity of initial hearing loss and vertigo, time to initial audiogram, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate; other indicators were age greater than 60 and less than 15 years, midfrequency audiogram configuration, and hearing status of the opposite ear. A common inflammatory cause is suggested for all degrees of severity in SHL, and a prognostic table is provided to aid the practitioner in predicting recovery. There is still no evidence that treatment achieves a result better than expected with spontaneous recovery.
              Article 0 comments Cited 131 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Int Adv Otol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Int Adv Otol
                Title: The Journal of International Advanced Otology
                Publisher: European Academy of Otology and Neurotology and the Politzer Society
                ISSN (Print): 1308-7649
                ISSN (Electronic): 2148-3817
                Publication date Collection: May 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 May 2021
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 207-214
                Affiliations
                Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College , Sion Hospital, Mumbai, India
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Anagha Atul Joshi, e-mail: dranaghajoshi.com

                Cite this article as: Dave V, Joshi A, Bradoo R, Prajapati M, Shah K. Effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in patients with sensorineural hearing loss. J Int Adv Otol. 2021; 17(3): 207-214.

                Article
                Publisher ID: jiao-17-3-207
                DOI: 10.5152/iao.2021.8549
                PMC ID: 9449904
                PubMed ID: 34100744
                SO-VID: db3722db-2cb3-4f3e-8337-db506769a71e
                Copyright © 2021 authors
                License:

                Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 26 April 2020
                Date accepted : 1 January 2021
                Funding
                The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: igf-1,snhl,gelfoam,intratympanic injection
                Data availability:
                Keywords: igf-1, snhl, gelfoam, intratympanic injection

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