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      Körperliche Aktivität und psychische Gesundheit: Fokus Alter Translated title: Physical Activity and Mental Health in the Elderly

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Der Alterungsprozess ist eng mit physiologischen Veränderungen verbunden, die den Organismus vulnerabler für die Entwicklung körperlicher und psychischer Erkrankungen machen. Reduzierte körperliche Aktivität kann diesen Prozess verstärken. Dementsprechend kann durch körperliches Training und Sport gerade im Alter diesen Prozessen entgegengewirkt und so ein jüngeres biologisches Alter erreicht werden. Eine bessere körperliche Fitness im Alter ist mit einer höheren Lebensqualität und Befindlichkeit wie auch mit einer besseren psychischen Gesundheit verbunden. Sport und Bewegung im Verlauf der Lebensspanne haben sich als präventiv für die Entwicklung von Depressionen und Demenzen im Alter erwiesen. Zudem können insbesondere kognitive Störungen (Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) und Depressionen im Alter durch regelmässige körperliche/sportliche Aktivität gebessert werden. Auch bei Demenzen gibt es Hinweise, dass es durch körperliche Aktivität zu einer Verbesserung der Verhaltensstörungen (nicht aber der Kognition) kommen kann.

          Physical Activity and Mental Health in the Elderly

          Abstract. The aging process is closely linked to physiological changes. These physiological changes may lead to an increased vulnerability for developing somatic and mental disorders. Reduced physical activity/sedentary behaviour can enhance this process. In contrast, physical training and sports counteract this process, in particular in the elderly, who may thus gain or maintain a younger biological age. Physical fitness is associated with better mental health in the elderly. Sports and physical activity over the course of life have shown to be of preventive value concerning the development of depression and dementia in old age. Also late-life depression and cognitive impairment (MCI, mild cognitive impairment) can be improved by regular, continuous physical exercise. Some data furthermore suggest that even patients with dementia benefit from physical exercise, especially on behalf of the behavioural and psychic symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

          Activité physique et santé mentale: point de vue sur le vieillissement

          Résumé. Le processus de vieillissement est étroitement lié à des changements physiologiques qui rendent l’organisme plus vulnérable au développement de maladies physiques et mentales. Une réduction de l’activité physique peut renforcer ce processus. En conséquence, l’entraînement physique et le sport permettent de lutter contre ces processus, en particulier chez les personnes âgées, et d’atteindre ainsi un âge biologique plus jeune. Une meilleure condition physique à un âge avancé est liée à une meilleure qualité de vie et à un meilleur état d’esprit, ainsi qu’à une meilleure santé mentale. Le sport et l’activité physique au cours de la vie se sont révélés être une prévention contre le développement de la dépression et de la démence chez les personnes âgées. En outre, les troubles cognitifs (Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) et les dépressions chez les personnes âgées peuvent être améliorés par une activité physique/sportive régulière. Dans le cas de la démence, il existe également des indications selon lesquelles l’activité physique peut améliorer les troubles du comportement (mais pas la cognition).

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          Most cited references41

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          The Aerobic and Cognitive Exercise Study (ACES) for Community-Dwelling Older Adults With or At-Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Neuropsychological, Neurobiological and Neuroimaging Outcomes of a Randomized Clinical Trial

          Prior research has found that cognitive benefits of physical exercise and brain health in older adults may be enhanced when mental exercise is interactive simultaneously, as in exergaming. It is unclear whether the cognitive benefit can be maximized by increasing the degree of mental challenge during exercise. This randomized clinical trial (RCT), the Aerobic and Cognitive Exercise Study (ACES) sought to replicate and extend prior findings of added cognitive benefit from exergaming to those with or at risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). ACES compares the effects of 6 months of an exer-tour (virtual reality bike rides) with the effects of a more effortful exer-score (pedaling through a videogame to score points). Fourteen community-dwelling older adults meeting screening criteria for MCI (sMCI) were adherent to their assigned exercise for 6 months. The primary outcome was executive function, while secondary outcomes included memory and everyday cognitive function. Exer-tour and exer-score yielded significant moderate effects on executive function (Stroop A/C; d's = 0.51 and 0.47); there was no significant interaction effect. However, after 3 months the exer-tour revealed a significant and moderate effect, while exer-score showed little impact, as did a game-only condition. Both exer-tour and exer-score conditions also resulted in significant improvements in verbal memory. Effects appear to generalize to self-reported everyday cognitive function. Pilot data, including salivary biomarkers and structural MRI, were gathered at baseline and 6 months; exercise dose was associated with increased BDNF as well as increased gray matter volume in the PFC and ACC. Improvement in memory was associated with an increase in the DLPFC. Improved executive function was associated with increased expression of exosomal miRNA-9. Interactive physical and cognitive exercise (both high and low mental challenge) yielded similarly significant cognitive benefit for adherent sMCI exercisers over 6 months. A larger RCT is needed to confirm these findings. Further innovation and clinical trial data are needed to develop accessible, yet engaging and effective interventions to combat cognitive decline for the growing MCI population. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02237560
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            Physical exercise for late-life major depression.

            Interventions including physical exercise may help improve the outcomes of late-life major depression, but few studies are available.
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              Exercise and pharmacotherapy in patients with major depression: one-year follow-up of the SMILE study

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                prx
                Praxis
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                1661-8157
                1661-8165
                March 2022
                : 111
                : 4 , Schwerpunktthema: Sportpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie
                : 193-198
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Alters- und Neuropsychiatrie, Psychiatrie St. Gallen Nord, Wil
                Author notes
                PD Dr. med. Dr. phil. Dipl. Psych. Ulrich Michael Hemmeter, Chefarzt, Psychiatrie St. Gallen Nord, Zürcherstrasse 30, 9500 Wil ulrich.hemmeter@ 123456psgn.ch
                Article
                prx_111_4_193
                10.1024/1661-8157/a003853
                35291872
                d6e79c18-d627-43f7-ad38-7945b7eb2bf2
                Copyright @ 2022
                History
                : 3. Januar 2022
                Categories
                Mini-Review

                General medicine,Medicine,Cardiovascular Medicine,Radiology & Imaging,Respiratory medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                körperliches Training,Sportpsychiatrie,troubles cognitifs,démence,dépression de la personne âgée,vieillesse,entraînement physique,Psychiatrie du sport,cognitive impairment,dementia,late-life depression,old age,physical training,Sports psychiatry,kognitive Störung,Demenz,Alter,Altersdepression

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