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      Review of measurements and imaging of cytochrome-c-oxidase in humans using near-infrared spectroscopy: an update

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , * , 1 , 2 , 4
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Biomedical Optics Express
      Publisher: Optica Publishing Group

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          Abstract

          This review examines advancements in the measurement and imaging of oxidized cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in humans since 2016. A total of 34 published papers were identified, with a focus on both adult and neonate populations. The NIRS-derived oxCCO signal has been demonstrated to correlate with physiological parameters and hemodynamics. New instrumentation, such as systems that allow the imaging of changes of oxCCO with diffuse optical tomography or combine the oxCCO measurement with diffuse correlation spectroscopy measures of blood flow, have advanced the field in the past decade. However, variability in its response across different populations and paradigms and lack of standardization limit its potential as a reliable and valuable indicator of brain health. Future studies should address these issues to fulfill the vision of oxCCO as a clinical biomarker.

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          A review on continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging instrumentation and methodology.

          Felix Scholkmann, Stefan Kleiser, Andreas Jaakko Metz … (2014)
          This year marks the 20th anniversary of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging (fNIRS/fNIRI). As the vast majority of commercial instruments developed until now are based on continuous wave technology, the aim of this publication is to review the current state of instrumentation and methodology of continuous wave fNIRI. For this purpose we provide an overview of the commercially available instruments and address instrumental aspects such as light sources, detectors and sensor arrangements. Methodological aspects, algorithms to calculate the concentrations of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin and approaches for data analysis are also reviewed. From the single-location measurements of the early years, instrumentation has progressed to imaging initially in two dimensions (topography) and then three (tomography). The methods of analysis have also changed tremendously, from the simple modified Beer-Lambert law to sophisticated image reconstruction and data analysis methods used today. Due to these advances, fNIRI has become a modality that is widely used in neuroscience research and several manufacturers provide commercial instrumentation. It seems likely that fNIRI will become a clinical tool in the foreseeable future, which will enable diagnosis in single subjects. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Estimation of optical pathlength through tissue from direct time of flight measurement.

            D T Delpy, M. Cope, P Zee … (1988)
            Quantitation of near infrared spectroscopic data in a scattering medium such as tissue requires knowledge of the optical pathlength in the medium. This can now be estimated directly from the time of flight of picosecond length light pulses. Monte Carlo modelling of light pulses in tissue has shown that the mean value of the time dispersed light pulse correlates with the pathlength used in quantitative spectroscopic calculations. This result has been verified in a phantom material. Time of flight measurements of pathlength across the rat head give a pathlength of 5.3 +/- 0.3 times the head diameter.
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              Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory parameters

              Frans Jöbsis (1977)
              The relatively good transparency of biological materials in the near infrared region of the spectrum permits sufficient photon transmission through organs in situ for the monitoring of cellular events. Observations by infrared transillumination in the exposed heart and in the brain in cephalo without surgical intervention show that oxygen sufficiency for cytochrome a,a3, function, changes in tissue blood volume, and the average hemoglobin-oxyhemoglobin equilibrium can be recorded effectively and in continuous fashion for research and clinical purposes. The copper atom associated with heme a3 did not respond to anoxia and may be reduced under normoxic conditions, whereas the heme-a copper was at least partially reducible.
              Article 0 comments Cited 162 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Opt Express
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Opt Express
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BOE
                Title: Biomedical Optics Express
                Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
                ISSN (Electronic): 2156-7085
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 December 2023
                Publication date Collection: 01 January 2024
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 162-184
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge , UK
                [2 ]Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge , UK
                [3 ]Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering , UCL, UK
                [4 ]Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , UK
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: 501915
                DOI: 10.1364/BOE.501915
                PMC ID: 10783912
                PubMed ID: 38223181
                SO-VID: d3fc50ff-6392-44a1-9823-663daed26a71
                Copyright © Published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.
                License:

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 02 August 2023
                Date accepted : 21 November 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: NIHR Brain Injury MedTech Co-operative
                Funded by: NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre 10.13039/501100018956
                Funded by: Gianna Angelopoulos Programme for Science Technology and Innovation
                Funded by: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council 10.13039/501100000266
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences

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