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      Diversidade de Trichocomaceae isolada de solo e serrapilheira de Floresta Atlântica Translated title: Diversity of soil and litter isolated Trichocomaceae in Atlantic Forest

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          Abstract

          O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade e a sucessão da família Trichocomaceae em áreas com diferentes graus de antropização, denominadas área mais impactada e área menos impactada. O estudo foi realizado no Parque Natural Municipal do Curió, Paracambi-RJ. Foram selecionadas duas áreas, com diferentes graus de alteração antrópica, sendo em cada uma destas delimitado um talhão de aproximadamente 1.000 m², sendo nestes realizadas coletas de terra e serrapilheira para a avaliação da fertilidade e da micobiota. De maneira geral, observa-se que, na área mais impactada, ocorreram os maiores valores de pH, Ca e K. Os maiores valores de serrapilheira aportada, observados nesta área, também contribuem para os maiores valores de K, elemento facilmente lixiviável no material em decomposição. Os maiores valores de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFC) no solo e na serrapilheira, 9 × 10(4) e 5,4 × 10(4), respectivamente, foram observados na área mais impactada. Também nesta área foram verificados os maiores valores de Ca no solo e na serrapilheira, o que sugere que esse nutriente pode estar contribuindo para o maior número de UFCs. Para a área menos impactada, os valores de UFC estiveram entre 4 × 10(4) para serrapilheira e 5 × 10(4) para o solo, não sendo observada nenhuma associação clara entre um maior número de UFCs e os teores de nutrientes no solo e/ou na serrapilheira. O número total de fungos isolados foi de 87, pertencentes a quatro gêneros e 22 espécies diferentes, sendo 16 Penicillium spp., quatro Aspergillus spp., um Paecilomyices sp. e um Trichoderma sp. Não foi observada uma clara associação entre as variáveis climáticas e o número de UFCs. O maior número de UFCs foi observado na área mais impactada tanto no solo quanto na serrapilheira. Os maiores teores de Ca quantificados nesta área sugerem que esse nutriente pode estar contribuindo para o aumento das UFCs. O genêro Penicillum, em ambas as áreas, foi o mais representativo.

          Translated abstract

          The purpose of the present study was to assess the diversity and succession of family Trichocomaceae in areas with different levels of human disturbance, namely, most impacted area and least impacted area. This research was carried out in "Parque Natural Municipal Curió" (Natural City Preserve) in Paracambi, State of Rio de Janeiro. Two areas with different levels of human disturbance were selected and, in each of these areas, a 1,000 m² plot was delimited, where soil and leaf litter samplings were collected for fertility and mycobiota assessment. In general, the most impacted area presented the highest values for pH, Ca and K. The highest values of leaf litter yield were also observed in this area, which contributed to the higher values of K - an element easily leachable in mulch. The highest values of Colony Formation Units (CFU) in soil and litter: 5.4 × 10(4) and 9 × 10(4), respectively, were observed in the most impacted area. This area also presented the highest values for Ca in soil and litter, which suggests that this nutrient may contribute to the greater number of CFUs. For the least impacted area, the CFU values were between 4 × 10(4) for litter and 5 × 10(4) for soil; no clear association was observed between the higher number of CFUs and the concentrations of nutrients in soil and/or litter. The total number of fungi isolated was 87, belonging to four different genera and 22 species, with 16 Penicillium spp., four Aspergillus spp., one Paecilomyces sp. and one Trichoderma sp. No clear association was noticed between climatic variables and the number of CFUs. The greatest amount of CFUs was observed in the most impacted area, both in soil and leaf litter. The higher concentration of Ca quantified in this area suggests that this nutrient may be contributing to the increase in CFUs. The genera Penicillium spp. was the most representative fungus in both areas.

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          Most cited references33

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          Manual e métodos de análise de solo

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            Sistema brasileiro de classificação do solo

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              Fungal Diversity Revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 Million Species.

              The question of how many species of Fungi there are has occasioned much speculation, with figures mostly posited from around half a million to 10 million, and in one extreme case even a sizable portion of the spectacular number of 1 trillion. Here we examine new evidence from various sources to derive an updated estimate of global fungal diversity. The rates and patterns in the description of new species from the 1750s show no sign of approaching an asymptote and even accelerated in the 2010s after the advent of molecular approaches to species delimitation. Species recognition studies of (semi-)cryptic species hidden in morpho-species complexes suggest a weighted average ratio of about an order of magnitude for the number of species recognized after and before such studies. New evidence also comes from extrapolations of plant:fungus ratios, with information now being generated from environmental sequence studies, including comparisons of molecular and fieldwork data from the same sites. We further draw attention to undescribed species awaiting discovery in biodiversity hot spots in the tropics, little-explored habitats (such as lichen-inhabiting fungi), and material in collections awaiting study. We conclude that the commonly cited estimate of 1.5 million species is conservative and that the actual range is properly estimated at 2.2 to 3.8 million. With 120,000 currently accepted species, it appears that at best just 8%, and in the worst case scenario just 3%, are named so far. Improved estimates hinge particularly on reliable statistical and phylogenetic approaches to analyze the rapidly increasing amount of environmental sequence data.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                floram
                Floresta e Ambiente
                Floresta Ambient.
                Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (Seropédica )
                2179-8087
                December 2012
                : 19
                : 4
                : 405-413
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                Article
                S2179-80872012000400002
                10.4322/floram.2012.045
                b5b48fde-aa80-4990-9fca-8f32fdd118d9

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2179-8087&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                micobiota,diversidade,impacto do uso do solo,mycobiota,impact of soil use,diversity

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