Theoretical investigation of favipiravir antiviral drug based on fullerene and boron nitride nanocages

Abstract

Smart implementation of novel advanced nanocarriers such as functionalized C ₂₄ and B ₁₂N ₁₂ nanocages is used supplement for antiviral activity 5-Fluoro-2-hydroxypyrazine-3-carboxamide (Favipiravir; Avigan; T-705), as treatment of COVID-19. The interaction energies of Favipiravir with perfect (B ₁₂N ₁₂ and C ₂₄) and doped (BC ₂₃ and CB ₁₁N ₁₂) nanocages were studied at temperatures equal to 310.15 K and 298.15 K using DFT. Our results have shown that the interaction of the Favipiravir (C [Private characterE00C ] O group) with BC ₂₃ and CB ₁₁N ₁₂ is more favorable than with the C ₂₄ and B ₁₂N ₁₂ nanocages in the gas and aqueous environments.

Additionally, the natural bond orbital, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), energy gap, chemical reactivity, molecular electrostatic potential, and thermodynamic parameters of the optimized structure have been examined. Furthermore, the UV–Vis and infrared spectroscopy have been evaluated for the investigation of the molecular orbitals Participated in the absorption spectrum of the Favipiravir before and after the interaction with the C ₂₄, BC ₂₃, B ₁₂N _12, and CB ₁₁N ₁₂, sites at maximum wavelength utilizing the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-B3LYP and TD-CAM-B3LYP). The intermolecular interactions have been analyzed by non-covalent interactions (NCI) and also, the electron localization function (ELF) is discussed.

Graphical abstract