Relationship between metal exposure and blood pressure in rural primary school students in Shiyan City, Hubei Province

Abstract

Objective To explore the relationship between metal exposure level and blood pressure, so as to provide a scientific basis for verifying the relationship between metal exposure and elevated blood pressure among primary school students.

Methods In July 2022, a total of 555 students of second to sixth grade were selected by cluster random sampling method from two primary schools in Zhuxi County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain the socio-demographic characteristics and living habits of the participants. The height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were obtained by physical examination. At the same time, the urine of the subjects was collected, and the metal mass fraction in urine was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The relationship between metal mass fraction in urine and blood pressure was analyzed by generalized linear regression.

Results The detection rate of elevated blood pressure in primary school students was 15.86%, and there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of elevated blood pressure among obese primary school students (yes: 37.25%, no: 13.69%, χ ² = 19.28, P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in BMI [15.80 (14.69, 17.92), 17.87 (15.49, 20.89) kg/m ²] between the non elevated blood pressure group and the elevated blood pressure group of elementary school students ( Z= −4.67, P <0.01). The geometric mean mass fraction of zinc in urine was the highest (6 942.86 μg/g), titanium was the lowest (2.20 μg/g). Zinc and lead were positively correlated with elevated systolic blood pressure (β = 0.054, 0.014), zinc and cadmium were positively correlated with elevated diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.038, 0.029) ( P<0.05).

Conclusions Metal zinc, lead and cadmium concentration are associated with elevated blood pressure. It is necessary to intervene and control the exposure of zinc, lead and cadmium in the environment to promote the blood pressure health of primary school students.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 探索金属暴露水平与血压的关系, 为验证小学生金属暴露与血压升高的关系提供科学依据。 方法 于 2022年7月, 采用整群随机抽样法选取湖北省十堰市竹溪县2所小学555名二至六年级学生为研究对象, 通过问卷调查获 取研究对象的社会人口学特征和生活习惯, 通过体格检查获取研究对象的身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)、血压。同时采集 研究对象的尿液, 使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪检测尿液中金属质量分数, 采用广义线性回归分析尿液中金属质量分数与 血压的关系。 结果 小学生血压偏高检出率为15.86%, 是否肥胖小学生血压偏高检出率差异有统计学意义(是:37.25%, 否：13.69%, χ ² = 19.28, P<0.01)。非血压偏高组与血压偏高组小学生 BMI [15.80 (14.69,17.92), 17.87 (15.49,20.89) kg/m ²]差异有统计学意义( Z = −4.67, P<0.01)。尿液中锌的几何均数质量分数最高(6 942.86 μg/g), 钛最低(2.20 μg/g)。锌、铅与收缩压升高均呈正相关(β值分别为0.054,0.014), 锌、镉与舒张压升高均呈正相关(β值分别为0.038,0.029) ( P 值均<0.05)。 结论 金属锌、铅、镉可能是血压升高的相关因素。应干预和控制环境中锌、铅和镉的暴露, 促进小学生血压 健康。