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      Household Strategies for Survival: An Introduction

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      International Review of Social History
      Cambridge University Press (CUP)

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          Abstract

          In early modern Europe, as in developing countries today, much of the population had to struggle to survive. Estimates for many parts of pre-industrial Europe, as for several countries in the so-called Third World, suggest that the majority of the inhabitants owned so little property that their livelihood was highly insecure. Basically, all those who lived by the work of their hands were at risk, and the reasons for their vulnerability were manifold. Economic cycles and seasonal fluctuations jeopardized the livelihood of the rural and urban masses. Warfare, taxation, and other decisions by the ruling elites sometimes had far-reaching direct and indirect repercussions on the lives of the poor. This is also true of natural factors, both catastrophes and the usual weather fluctuations, which were a major factor affecting harvest yields. Equal in importance were the risks and uncertainties inherent in life and family cycles: disease, old age, widowhood, or having many young children.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                International Review of Social History
                Int Rev of Soc His
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                0020-8590
                1469-512X
                December 2000
                October 06 2010
                December 2000
                : 45
                : S8
                : 1-17
                Article
                10.1017/S0020859000115263
                a9a580e6-90dd-4806-80a6-f1ecaf688966
                © 2000

                https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

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