Medicinal properties of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: A review

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Abstract

Medicinal plants have been a main source of therapeutic agents from ancient time to cure diseases. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ( T. arjuna) is one of the most accepted and beneficial medicinal plants in indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of various critical diseases. This comprehensive review provides various aspects of its ethnomedical, phytochemical, pharmacognostical, pharmacological and clinical significance to different diseases particularly in cardiovascular conditions. This plant has a good safety outline when used in combination with other conventional drugs. This review highlights various medicinal properties of T. arjuna through different studies such as antioxidant, hypotensive, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic and gastro-productive effect.

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Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit endothelial activation: antiatherogenic properties of Mediterranean diet phytochemicals.

Raffaele De Caterina, Luisa Siculella, Francesco Visioli … (2003)

Epidemiology suggests that Mediterranean diets are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Because monocyte adhesion to the endothelium is crucial in early atherogenesis, we evaluated whether typical olive oil and red wine polyphenols affect endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion. Phytochemicals in olive oil and red wine, including oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, elenolic acid, and resveratrol, with or without antioxidant activity, were incubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells for 30 minutes, followed by co-incubation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide or cytokines to trigger adhesion molecule expression. At nutritionally relevant concentrations, only oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and resveratrol, possessing a marked antioxidant activity, reduced monocytoid cell adhesion to stimulated endothelium, as well as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mRNA and protein by Northern analysis and cell surface enzyme immunoassay. Reporter gene assays with deletional VCAM-1 promoter constructs indicated the relevance of nuclear factor-kappaB, activator protein-1, and possibly GATA binding sites in mediating VCAM-1 transcriptional inhibition. The involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 was finally demonstrated at electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols at nutritionally relevant concentrations transcriptionally inhibit endothelial adhesion molecule expression, thus partially explaining atheroprotection from Mediterranean diets.

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Traditional herbal drugs of Bulamogi, Uganda: plants, use and administration

J.R.S. Tabuti, K.A. Lye, S.S Dhillion (2003)

We present here an inventory of the medicinal plants of Bulamogi county in Uganda, including their medicinal use, preparation and administration modes. Fieldwork for this study was conducted between June 2000 and June 2001 using semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and participant observation as well as transect walks in wild herbal plant collection areas. We recorded 229 plant species belonging to 168 genera in 68 families with medicinal properties. A large proportion of these plants are herbaceous. The medicinal plants are mainly collected from the wild. Some species, such as Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce, are believed by the community to be threatened by unsustainable intensities of use and patterns of harvesting. Particularly vulnerable are said to be the woody or the slow growing species. Herbal medicines are prepared as decoctions, infusions, powders, or as ash, and are administered in a variety of ways. Other concoctions consist of juices and saps. The purported therapeutic claims await validation. Validation in our opinion can help to promote confidence among users of traditional medicine, and also to create opportunities for the marketing of herbal medicines and generate incomes for the community. The processing, packaging and storage of herbal medicines is substandard and require improvement.

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Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases.

F Stickel, D Schuppan (2007)

Herbal drugs have become increasingly popular and their use is widespread. Licensing regulations and pharmacovigilance regarding herbal products are still incomplete and clearcut proof of their efficacy in liver diseases is sparse. Nevertheless, a number of herbals show promising activity including silymarin for antifibrotic treatment, phyllantus amarus in chronic hepatitis B, glycyrrhizin to treat chronic viral hepatitis, and a number of herbal combinations from China and Japan that deserve testing in appropriate studies. Apart from therapeutic properties, reports are accumulating about liver injury after the intake of herbals, including those advertised for liver diseases. Acute and/or chronic liver damage occurred after ingestion of some Chinese herbs, herbals that contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, germander, greater celandine, kava, atractylis gummifera, callilepsis laureola, senna alkaloids, chaparral and many others. Since the evidence supporting the use of botanicals to treat chronic liver diseases is insufficient and only few of them are well standardised and free of potential serious side effects, most of these medications are not recommended outside clinical trials. Particularly with regard to the latter, adequately powered randomised-controlled clinical trials with well-selected end points are needed to assess the role of herbal therapy for liver diseases.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Sreeraj Gopi

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Tradit Complement Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Tradit Complement Med

Title: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Electronic): 2225-4110

Publication date PMC-release: 20 March 2016

Publication date Collection: January 2017

Publication date (Electronic): 20 March 2016

Volume: 7

Issue: 1

Pages: 65-78

Affiliations

[1]R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd, Kolenchery, Cochin, India

Author notes

[∗ ]Corresponding author. sreeraj.gopi@ 123456plantlipids.com

Article

Publisher ID: S2225-4110(16)00026-2

DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.003

PMC ID: 5198828

PubMed ID: 28053890

SO-VID: 9ea50ed6-d503-4c83-a8a0-08d1f62c03d9

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

History

Date received : 20 January 2016

Date revision received : 10 February 2016

Date accepted : 12 February 2016

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Medicinal properties of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.: A review

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications

Most cited references 82

Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit endothelial activation: antiatherogenic properties of Mediterranean diet phytochemicals.

Traditional herbal drugs of Bulamogi, Uganda: plants, use and administration

Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases.

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