Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science

The Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science (Online ISSN: 2231-3354) is open access, peer-reviewed journal published by Open Science Publishers LLP (registered under section 12(1) of LLP Act 2008). The journal publishes on monthly basis (12 issues per year) and is available only in the online format.

Aims and Scope

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science (JAPS) is a monthly open-access journal dedicated to various disciplines of pharmaceutical and allied sciences. JAPS publishes manuscripts (Original research and review articles Mini-reviews, Short communication) on original work, either experimental or theoretical in the following areas;

• Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics
• Novel & Targeted Drug Delivery
• Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine
• Medicinal & Analytical Chemistry
• Computer-aided drug design
• Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry & Ethnobotany
• Pharmacology & Toxicology
• Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Microbiology
• Pharmacy Practice & Hospital Pharmacy
• Drug Regulatory Affairs

About the Publisher

The Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science is published by Open Science Publishers LLP [URL: https://openscipub.com/index.php], which is an independent academic publishing company, registered in India under Section 12(1)(b) of the LLP Act, 2008 with registration no. AAB-0678, having its corporate office at 306, GTB Bussiness Plaza, University Road, Near Silver Estate, Saraswati Nagar, Gwalior-474002, Madhya Pradesh, India.

The OSP fully supports open-access publishing models. The publisher developed and owned world-class publishing and journal hosting platform that provides easy workflows and methods for text and data publishing of journals.

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief

Prof. Srinivas Mutalik
Coordinator, Centre for Drug Delivery Technologies,
Professor & Head, Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Manipal, India. Email: editor@japsonline.com [ORCID]

Interest: Novel drug delivery, Nanotechnology, pharmaceutical analysis.

Immediate Past Editor-in-chief

Dr. Pinaki Sengupta [View Profile]
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India.
Interest: Pharmaceutical analysis, Spectroscopy, Bioanalysis, Pharmacokinetics, and bioequivalence.

Associate Editor

Paras Sharma [ORCID]
Department of Pharmacognosy, BVM College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, India.
Interest: Pharmacognosy, medicinal plants, antimicrobial resistance, pharmacy practice.

Advisory Board

Prof. Vinod Kumar Gupta [View Profile]
(Former Vice-Chancellor, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University, Faizabad, India)
Distinguished Professor, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddha, Saudi Arabia.
Interest: chemical synthesis, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis.

Dr. K. Husnu Can Baser [View Profile]
Professor of Pharmacognosy, Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Head of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Nicosia, N. Cyprus, Turkey.
Interests: pharmacognosy, medicinal and aromatic plants, natural products, essential oils.

Prof. Guoyin Kai [View Profile]
Director, Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejjiang Province, China.
Interests: biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, pharmacognosy, medicinal plants, plant biotechnology.

Prof. Imran Ali [View Profile]
Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
Interests: nanotechnology, chemical synthesis, chromatographic & related separation techniques, analytical chemistry.

Prof. (Dr) Mainul Haque [View Profile]
The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan,
National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Interests: pharmacology, clinical pharmacy, antimicrobial resistance, pharmacovigilance.

Roberto Pisano [View Profile]
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino, Italy.
Interests: Pharmaceutical processing and formulation, Small molecules and biologics, Controlled Release.

Dr. Kirankumar Hullatti [View Profile]
Professor and Vice Principal, Cauvery College of Pharmacy, Mysore, India.
Interests: pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, medicinal and aromatic plants, natural products.

Prof. Saber A. Sakr [View Profile]
Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt.
Interests: pharmacology, toxicity studies, pharmaceutical biochemistry.

Prof. Shao Hong-Bo [View profile]
Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China.
Interest: pharmaceutical microbiology, biotechnology, nanotechnology.

Editorial Board

Dr. Subrahmanya Bhat K [View Profile]
Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Interests: Organic Chemistry; Medicinal Chemistry; Chemical synthesis.

Prof. Roman Lesyk [View Profile]
Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.
Interests: Pharmaceutical, medicinal, and organic chemistry, drug design, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds as potential anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antituberculosis, and antimicrobial drugs.

Prof. Abdul Rohman [View Profile]
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Interests: Pharmaceutical analysis, quality control, chemometrics, spectroscopy, chromatographic techniques.

Dr. Narendar Dudhipala [View Profile] 
Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, USA.
Interests: Formulation development, preclinical evaluation of small molecules for ocular delivery and oral delivery, Tumor delivery, lipid nanoparticles, lyophilization.

Dr. Dinesh Kumar Mishra [View Profile]
Professor & Principal, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Opposite IIM, Pithampur Road, Rau, Indore (M.P.), India.
Interests: Novel drug delivery systems, Nanomedicine, vaccines, Transdermal Delivery, 3D Printing, Microneedles, Formulation, and development.

Dr. Valery Dembitsky [View Profile]
Centre for Applied Research, Innovation & Entrepreneurship,
Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South Lethbridge, Canada.
Interests: Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Organic Synthesis, Liquid Chromatography, Analytical Chemistry, Cancer.

Dr. Eduardo Rocha [View Profile]
Professor, ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Interests: Liver and Reproductive Toxicology, In vitro toxicology, cytotoxicity of bioactive extracts, metabolites derived from marine fungi and algae.

Dr. Jaykaran Charan [View Profile] 
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
Interest: Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, Drug Safety, ADRs, biostatistics.

Dr. Pranav Kumar Prabhakar [View Profile] 
Lovely Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
Interest: Combination therapy, secondary complications of diabetes, phytomedicine, cellular signaling.

Dr. Talha Bin Emran [View Profile]
Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Interests: Vaccinology, Applied Immunology, Phytomedicine, Natural Product Chemistry.

Dr. Arun Butreddy [ORCID]
Scientist-II (Protein Pharmaceutical Development), Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA-02124, USA.
Interests: Pharmaceutics & biopharmaceutics, cocrystals, hot melt extrusion, granulation, polymer-based drug delivery systems, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanosuspension, microspheres, protein formulations, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems.

Dr. Bappaditya Chatterjee [View Profile] 
Department of Pharmaceutics, SPPSPTM, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India.
Interests: Pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics, Novel & Targeted Drug Delivery, Nanotechnology, amorphous dispersion, intranasal delivery systems.

Dr. Anoja Priyadarshani Attanayake [View Profile]
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka.
Interests: Bioactivity studies on medicinal plants, Clinical trials of herbal products, Nanonutraceuticals for diabetes, Preclinical studies on antidiabetic, nephroprotective agents.

Dr. Gurinder Singh [View Profile]
Micro Labs GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Interests: Nanocarriers, Resveratrol, Controlled delivery systems, DOE, in vitro/in vivo studies.

Dr. Uday Venkat Mateti [View Profile]
Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.
Interests: Patient Safety, Patient Reported Outcomes, Developing Pharmacoeconomics Modelling,
Pharmaceutical care, Supportive Care, and Pharmacoepidemiology

Dr. Mrs. Karimunnisa S. Shaikh
Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, India. [View Profile]
Interests: Polysaccharide-based drug delivery system, Nanosponge, Co-crystallization and co-amorphous systems, Nanotechnology, anticancer therapeutics, Nano drug delivery systems.

Prof. Alexander K. Nyarko [View Profile]
Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Interests: Natural products, pharmacology, biochemistry, medicinal plants.

Dr. Shazia Qasim Jamshed [View Profile]
Associate Professor Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia.
Interests: Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy education.

Prof. Oluwatoyin A. Odeku [View Profile]
Dean, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Interests: Pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics, and pharmaceutical technology, Novel and targeted drug delivery, Nanotechnology, Excipients development.

Dr. Thirumal Kumar D [View Profile]
Assistant Research Director & Assistant Registrar (i/c), Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Interests: Bioinformatics, Structural biology, Drug Discovery, Drug Resistance, Molecular Docking.

Dr. Sameer Dhingra [View Profile]
Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India.
Interests: Pharmacy practice, clinical pharmacy, medication safety, rational use of drugs, antimicrobial stewardship, Pharmacovigilance.

Dr. Aysu YURDASIPER
Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
Interests: Dermal delivery (topical, transdermal drug systems), controlled-release formulations, nanoparticles & microparticles for drug delivery, and nanomedicine in pulmonary delivery.

Dr. Wenyi Kang [View Profile]
Director, National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.

Dr. Ahmed Salih Sahib [View Profile]
Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Dean, College of Pharmacy, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.
Interests: Pharmacology, Toxicology, Biochemistry, antioxidants.

Dr. Dipankar Ghosh [View Profile]
Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, India.
Interests: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Antimicrobials, Microbial biosynthesis, antibiotics research.

Dr. Mohammad Javed Ansari [View Profile]
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Interests: Pharmaceutics, nanopharmaceuticals, controlled-release formulations, microparticles for drug delivery, ocular delivery, bioavailability enhancement, pharmaceutical analysis.

Dr. Elvis Adrian Fredrick Martis
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Mumbai, India. [ORCID] 
Interests: Computer-assisted drug design, Medicinal chemistry, biologically important proteins/enzymes. 

Dr. Teerapol Srichana [View Profile]
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand.

Dr. Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju [View Profile]
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa.

Dr. U.S.Mahadeva Rao
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia. [View Profile]
Interests: Biochemistry, cancer, antioxidants, antidiabetic therapy.

Dr. Bhupendra G. Prajapati [ORCID] [Google Scholar]
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Ganpat University, Mahesana Gozaria Highway, Mahesana, India.
Interests: Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery, Lipid-based drug delivery, Modified Drug Delivery, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Bioavailability Enhancement.

Dr. Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo [ORCID] [Google Scholar]
Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL),
SDG03 (Good Health and Well-being Research Cluster) Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, 232101, Osun State, Nigeria.

Interests: Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, Computational Biochemistry, Pharmacological screening of Medicinal plants.

Dr. Mosaad Attia Abdel-Wahhab [ORCID] 
Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

Interests: Toxicology, Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Pharmacological screening of Medicinal plants.

Dr. Yadu Nandan Dey [ORCID] [Google Scholar] 
Department of Pharmacology, Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur-713206, West Bengal, India.

Interests: Pharmacology, Safety and efficacy of herbal medicine, Inflammatory diseases, Diabetes, Urolithiasis, and arthritis.

Dr. Ramith Ramu [ORCID] [Google Scholar] 
Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University),
Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India.

Interests: Alpha Glucosidase inhibitors, Diabetes management, Computer-aided drug designing, In Silico studies, network pharmacology, Functional foods, and nutraceuticals.

Dr. Howard Diego Ramirez Malule [ORCID] [Google Scholar] 
Full Professor for Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Colombia.

Interests: Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bibliometric analysis. 

Dr. Monica BUTNARIU [ORCID] [Google Scholar] 
Professor, Chemistry & Biochemistry Discipline, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I", from Timisoara, 300645, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania.

Interests: Nutritional Biochemistry, Pharmacology and toxicology, Medical Biochemistry, Natural Products.

Dr. Azizi B Hj. Miskon [ORCID] [Google Scholar] 
Professor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation), National Defense University of Malaysia (NDUM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, 57 000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.

Interests: Stem Cell Differentiation, The Effect of Magnetic Field on cells behavior, Tissue Engineering, and Regenerative Medicine.

Prof. Antonio Vassallo [ORCID] 
Associate Professor, Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, Potenza, Italy.

Interests: Pharmaceutical Sciences, drug delivery systems, cosmetic products, nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, natural products, analytical chemistry.

Dr. Pukar Khanal [View Profile] [Google Scholar] 
Pharmacology and chemical biology O. Wayne Rollins Research Center Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

Interests: Glucose homeostasis, Tumor biology, Neuropharmacology, Pharmacology.

Dr. Sai Prachetan Balguri
ORISE Fellow at U.S. FDA CDER/OPQ/OTR, New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring, MD, USA. [View Profile]

Dr. Farhad Shahsavar
Professor of Immunology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. [View Profile]

Prof. Flavio Marques Lopes
UFG - School of Pharmacy, Goiânia, Brazil. [View Profile]

Note: All the above-mentioned editors and editorial board members are serving in their personal capacity and do not represent their affiliating institutions.

Author's Guidelines

SCOPE OF THE JOURNAL

JAPS publishes Original research articles, reviews, mini-review, and short communication in various disciplines of pharmaceutical and allied sciences. Please read the journal’s aims & scope for further details.

MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION

Manuscripts should be submitted by any one of the authors of the manuscript (preferably the corresponding author) through the online manuscript submission and peer-review system. All manuscripts received are duly acknowledged. Before submission authors should ensure the manuscript format as per the JAPS guidelines. Articles that are not written as per the journal's guidelines will be declined.

Please upload a cover letter, article front page, graphical abstract, main article file (without any identification information), figures and tables, conflict of interest form, authorship contribution form, and supplementary material (if any).  

For technical help, please write to editor@japsonline.com

EDITORIAL PROCEDURES AND PEER-REVIEW

Initial Checks

• All the submitted manuscripts will be checked by an experienced editor to determine whether the submitted manuscript is properly prepared and whether they follow the ethical policies of the journal and contain all the necessary disclosures.

• All the submitted manuscripts will be checked for the correctness of the references. The incomplete, inappropriate, or vague/misleading references may lead to desk rejection.

• All the submitted articles will be checked for the English language at this stage and authors may be asked for language editing by any native or professional English language editor.

• The submitted articles will be screened for plagiarism using iThenticate (online plagiarism detection software). Please read plagiarism policiesfor further details.

• Manuscripts that are not properly prepared will be returned to the authors for revision and resubmission.

• Manuscripts with insufficient originality, serious scientific or technical flaws, or lack of a significant message, or if not prepared as per journals instructions are rejected without a formal peer review.

Peer-Review

The manuscript that passes the initial check/desk review, is subjected to double-blinded peer review. The manuscript will be reviewed by a minimum of two suitable experts (whose identities will remain anonymous to the authors) in the respective subject area. Please refer to our peer-review policies for details.

Editorial Decision and Revision

The reports of all the reviewers will be considered while making the decision on a submitted manuscript. Editor-In-Chief will make the final decision, based on the reviewer’s comments. The journal may consult the different experts and editor(s) in order to reach an appropriate decision.

Authors are required to respond to all the reviewers and submit the point-wise clarification for the comments of the reviewers and handling editor. Authors must provide a clear response in their rebuttal letter wherever they disagree with a reviewer or editor.

Appeals

The authors may appeal against the negative decision with suitable arguments if they feel that there is a major misunderstanding over a technical aspect or failure to understand the scientific advance shown by the manuscript. Appeals requesting a second opinion without sufficient justification will not be considered. Please write to the journal via email in order to submit an appeal. Appeals will only be considered from the original submitting author.

Galley Proofs and publication 

Manuscripts that are accepted for publication are subjected to copy edited for grammar, punctuation, print style, and format. Page proofs are sent to the corresponding author. The corresponding author is expected to return the corrected proofs within three days. The whole process of submission of the manuscript to final decision and sending and receiving proofs is completed through the online submission and peer-review system. To achieve faster and greater dissemination of knowledge and information, the journal publishes articles online as ‘Online First’ immediately on acceptance.

PREPRINTS

Journal encourages posting of preprints of primary research manuscripts on preprint servers, authors’ or institutional websites. Preprints may be posted at any time during the peer-review process. Posting of preprints is not considered prior to publication and will not affect consideration at this journal. Please read our preprint policies for details.

ARTICLE TYPES

The journal will consider the following article types;

Research Articles

The articles that present the results of the original research study are considered as research articles. These manuscripts should describe how the research project was conducted and provide a thorough analysis of the results of the project. The research articles should include the following in the order given below:

• Abstract,
• Keywords
• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results including Tables and/or Figures
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgments
• References
• Appendixes [if necessary]
• Abbreviations used [if necessary]

Systematic reviews may be submitted as research articles.

Reviews and mini-reviews 

A review article provides an overview of the published literature in a particular subject area. A review article should contain an abstract, keywords, introduction, methods (including data sources, study selection, and data extraction), results and conclusion, acknowledgment, and references.

Short Communication

Short Communications are brief reports that present original and significant research and need to be published quickly. It may focus on a hot topic or may have new findings that are expected to have a significant impact on a current problem. Short communications are expected to have a higher than average impact.

Case reports

New, interesting, and rare cases can be reported. They should be unique, describing a great diagnostic or therapeutic challenge and providing a learning point for the readers.

Letter to the editor

It should be brief and decisive observations. They should preferably be related to articles previously published in the Journal or views expressed in the journal. They should not be preliminary observations that need a later paper for validation.

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

Please visit here for details.

AUTHORSHIP AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Authorship

All the authors in a manuscript are equally responsible for the technical information communicated to the journal. Thus, it is necessary that all authors must read and approve the final version of the manuscript before submitting it to the journal. All named authors must have made an active contribution to the conception and design and/or analysis and interpretation of the data and/or the drafting of the paper and all must have critically reviewed its content and have approved the final version submitted for publication. Participation solely in the acquisition of funding or the collection of data does not justify authorship.

JAPS follows the definition of authorship given by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria:

• Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
• Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
• Final approval of the version to be published; AND
• Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Authors should meet all four conditions.  Please click here to download the Authorship Contribution Form, authors are required to upload the duly filled and signed form under the additional files section, during manuscript submission. They can also send it by email to editor@japsonline.com. In addition to that, all the manuscripts should contain the Authors’ Contributions statement immediately before the Acknowledgments section. 

Acknowledgments

All acknowledgments should be included at the very end of the paper before the references and may include supporting grants, presentations, and so forth. Contributors who do not qualify as authors should be mentioned under Acknowledgements.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

All the authors must disclose the possible conflicts of interest/Competing Interests they may have with the publication of the manuscript or an institution or product that is mentioned in the manuscript and/or is important to the outcome of the study presented. Authors should also disclose conflicts of interest with products that compete with those mentioned in their manuscript. The Conflict of Interest statement should list each author separately by name. The ICMJE has developed a Disclosure Form to facilitate and standardize authors’ disclosures, please click this link to download the ICMJE COI form [editable PDF form can be downloaded from here]. Authors are required to upload the duly filled and signed form under the additional files section, during manuscript submission. They can also send it by email to editor@japsonline.com. Please follow the link to read the detailed ICMJE recommendations for disclosure of financial and non-financial relationships and activities, and conflicts of interest. 

FUNDING SOURCES 

The authors must declare all sources of funding received for the research submitted to the journal. Authors should give the name of granting agencies and grant numbers, along with a short description of each funder’s role.  Only the funding related to the submitted work should be mentioned and authors are NOT required to provide the complete list of every single grant that supports them. 

ORIGINALITY AND PLAGIARISM

Authors should ensure the originality of their content while preparing a manuscript draft. In case the authors have used the work and/or words of others this must be appropriately cited or quoted. All the articles submitted to JAPS shall be screened for plagiarism using iThenticate (online plagiarism detection software). In case, plagiarism is detected during the review/editorial process, such manuscript(s) will be rejected immediately. Please read our plagiarism policy for details.

REPORTING STANDARDS

Authors of the original research article must present accurate data of work performed during their research. Authors are also expected to discuss the objective of their work and the significance of their results. An article should contain sufficient information and references to ensure the reproducibility of the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are considered unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

DATA ACCESS AND RETENTION

Authors may be asked to provide the raw/supplementary data for a paper that is under editorial review. The authors should be prepared to provide the public access to these data (if practicable) and to retain such data for a reasonable time after the publication.

ETHICAL APPROVALS

Patient Rights

Patients have a right to privacy thus; all studies should be conducted with informed consent. No identifying information should be published in written descriptions, photographs, and pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) gives written informed consent for publication. When informed consent has been obtained, it should be indicated in the article. Investigations with human subjects must follow the ethical standards formulated in the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, revised in 2013. All the experiments should be approved by the institutional human experimentation committee or equivalent.  

Animal Rights

Animal experiments must follow the ethical standards for the care and use of laboratory animals. The article involved animal experiments must seek approval(s) from the appropriate Ethical Committee in accordance with the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" and CPCSEA guidelines. A statement on ethics committee permission must be included in all research articles.

Clinical trial registry

The journal recommends that the clinical trials should be registered in a publicly accessible database. Authors should include the clinical trial registration numbers on all papers that report their results. The authors must adhere to the minimum set of recommendations for reporting randomized trials as described in "The CONSORT (CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) 2010 guideline".  

ABBREVIATIONS

Standard abbreviations should be used throughout the manuscript. All nonstandard abbreviations should be kept to a minimum and must be defined in the text following their first use.

COPYRIGHT, LICENSE, AND OPEN ACCESS

• The journal allows the author(s) to retain the copyright of their work. Authors do not need to transfer the copyright of their work to the journal. 
• All the articles published in JAPS are distributed under a creative commons attribution 4.0 International license (read detailed license information here). 
• All the articles published in JAPS are made freely accessible online immediately after publication in an easily readable format, without any subscription or registration barrier.
• The journal also allows the authors to self-archive the final accepted version of the articles on any OAI-compliant institutional/subject-based repository.

Use of third-party material

Authors must obtain the necessary permission to reuse third-party material in the article. If authors wish to include any material in their paper for which they do not hold copyright, and which is not marked as open-access, they will need to obtain written permission from the copyright owner prior to submission to this journal. Please make an appropriate citation for the open-access material and follow the license terms.

Please read the Open Access and Copyright policies for further details.

ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGES (APCs)

The authors are required to pay Rs. 14000/- INR (Indian Authors) or USD 350 (foreign authors) for APCs upon acceptance of the manuscript. APCs are applicable only to the accepted articles. 

Note: These charges are calculated for a standard-length article with 20 pages in MS Word (1-inch margin on each side and two-line space), including tables and figures. Additional page charges of 500 INR per page (Indian authors) or 15 USD per page (foreign authors) will be applicable for the articles beyond this limit.  

Submit Manuscript

Manuscripts can be submitted through our online manuscript submission and peer review system.

Authors are required to send a cover letter along with the manuscript undertaking that, the "manuscript has not been published so far/communicated to some other journal". The cover letter should include the corresponding author's full address, email ID, and telephone/fax numbers.

Before submission authors should ensure the manuscript format as per the JAPS guidelines.

Final checklist for the manuscript submission:

1. The manuscript has been arranged as per the author's guidelines.
2. Is the cover letter attached to the mail?
3. Photographs should be submitted in JPG/TIF format as a separate attachment.
4. The authors are aware of JAPS publication ethics.
5. The authors are aware of JAPS peer-review policies, and plagiarism policy.
6. Authors' contribution disclosure form ready to upload.
7. The conflict of interest form is ready to upload.

An acknowledgment for manuscript submission will be sent to the author through e-mail.

For any kind of queries, authors may write to editor@japsonline.com

Publication Ethics

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science (JAPS) is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) [membership number: JM16054]. The journal adheres to the COPE Code of Conduct and the Best Practice Guidelines. This statement should be read in conjunction with the Journal Policies

ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE ACADEMIC EDITORS

The editors of the Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science are responsible to make the editorial decision on the submitted articles. The journal relies on the integrity and honesty of the editors to select high-quality manuscripts that conform to ethical standards and meets all the requirements. The editors of this journal must follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) “Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors”. 

The editorial decisions must be made only on intellectual merit without any prejudice or bias. The editors must maintain the confidentiality of the submitted manuscripts and ensure the integrity of double-blind peer-review. The editors are required to read the journal’s conflict of interest policies carefully and ensure compliance with the same.

ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE REVIEWERS

The volunteer contribution of peer-reviewers is paramount to maintaining the scientific integrity and selection of high-quality articles. The peer-reviewers of the journal are required to follow the COPE guidelines to the peer-reviewers and peer-review guidelines of this journal.  

The reviewers are also requested to read the journal’s conflict of interest policies carefully and ensure compliance with the same.

The reviewers are expected to maintain the confidentiality and objectivity of the double-blind peer review.

ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE AUTHORS

Authors are required to fulfill the ICMJE’s definition of the authors and contributors [Link]. The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria:

• Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
• Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
• Final approval of the version to be published; AND
• Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

The authors should read and ensure compliance with the journal’s policies such as;

• Plagiarism policy, 
• Conflicts of interest policy, 
• Ethical approvals, patients’ rights, and informed consent
• Corrections and retraction policy. 

Authors of the original research article must present accurate data and provide sufficient information and references to ensure the reproducibility of the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are considered unethical behavior and unacceptable. Authors may be asked to provide the raw/supplementary data for a paper that is under editorial review. The authors should be prepared to provide the public access to these data (if practicable) and to retain such data for a reasonable time after the publication.

Redundant or duplicate submission/publication

Duplicate or redundant submission is the same manuscript (or the same data) that is submitted to different journals at the same time. International copyright laws, ethical conduct, and cost-effective use of resources require that readers can be assured that what they are reading is original (Read ICMJE recommendations). An author should not publish manuscripts that describe the same concept or present similar data, in more than one journal. Submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. 

Our online editorial system (ejmanager) provides an option to search the article title and keywords and provide all the related publications. Our handling editors carefully monitor all the related articles to avoid duplicate submission/publication. All such articles will be rejected immediately. 

In case the editor was not aware of the violation and the article has been published, a notice of the duplicate submission and the ethical violation will be published.

Acknowledgment and funding sources

Authors should provide the proper acknowledgment for the work of others. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work.

The authors must declare all sources of funding received for the research submitted to the journal. Authors should give the name of granting agencies and grant numbers, along with a short description of each funder’s role.  Only the funding related to the submitted work should be mentioned and authors are NOT required to provide the complete list of every single grant that supports them. 

ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE PUBLISHER

The publisher is supposed to protect the intellectual property and copyright of the contents submitted by the authors. We respect privacy and personal data, especially for authors and peer reviewers. We work in close cooperation with the editors and peer reviewers to maintain editorial independence and to guarantee transparency and integrity in the peer-review process. This journal follows the ICMJE guidelines for journal owners and editorial freedom.

PUBLISHING ETHICS ISSUES

Monitoring: The EIC must ensure to establish the mechanism for monitoring and safeguarding publishing ethics. All the complaints received from the reviewers or the authors or anybody else should be taken into proper consideration and appropriate action should be taken promptly for such complaints.

Retraction & Corrections: The published articles will be retracted if there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable. The retraction can be a result of scientific misconduct or honest error. To maintain the integrity of the scientific record, the retracted article will not be removed from the journal's website, however, a notice of retraction will be posted and is made freely available to all readers. Retraction can be published by the authors or the editor or the publisher. In rare cases involving legal infringement, the Publisher may remove an article. Bibliographic information about the article will be retained to ensure the integrity of the scientific record. We follow the COPE guidelines in such a case. Sometimes it may be necessary to publish corrections/erratum in an article published in the Journal to maintain the integrity of the academic record. Appropriate notice regarding the correction will be placed and made freely available to the readers. We are always willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed.

Article withdrawal: We expect our authors to comply with best practices in publication ethics as well as in the quality of their articles.  To avoid withdrawal of articles we sincerely request the corresponding author to undertake the issues related to authorship, publication ethics, and the accurateness of data and results at the time of submission of the manuscript.

The authors can withdraw their article(s) at any stage of the peer-review and publication process (before the publication of the article that will not yet have the complete volume/issue/page information) by login into their author homepage and selecting the ‘withdraw article’ option. The authors should be aware that the withdrawal action takes the manuscript out of the peer review & publication process and places it back into the author's dashboard, in the withdrawn Manuscripts list. The manuscript number of withdrawn articles cannot be used by the system and cannot be resubmitted. In case authors withdraw their articles after acceptance, the article processing charges, if paid, will not be refunded.

Submissions from editors, employees, or members of the editorial board 

All the submissions received from editors, reviewers, or members of the editorial board can be identified by our online manuscript handling system ejmanager, this system highlights the authors who are in editorial or in the reviewer panel. All such authors will be identified and not be included in the manuscript handling process at any step from submission to the publication of the article.

Furthermore, all the reviewers and handling editors are required to disclose the conflict of interest for the articles they are handling/reviewing before they submit their feedback/comments to the electronic manuscript handling system.

Preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards: We believe that the funding agencies and sponsors should not be able to influence the author's findings or decision-making. The editor should maintain the integrity of the academic record, preclude business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards, and always be willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed. 

MISCONDUCT AND SANCTIONS

Suspected breaches of our publication ethics policies, either before or after publication, as well as concerns about research ethics, should be reported to the journal. Claimants will be kept anonymous if requested. 

As soon as we get information about the misconduct, our editors will start a thorough investigation. The authors may be asked to provide the underlying data, images, and other supplementary materials. The journal will consult editors, and contact institutions or employers to ask for an investigation.

If an article is found to violate the ethical publishing guidelines of the journal such as duplicate submission, fraudulent data, plagiarism, citation manipulation, false claim of authorship, etc. the article will be rejected by the journal. In case the article is accepted and under the ‘Online first’ stage the journal will remove the article from the website and an appropriate note for article withdrawal will be posted. No response from the authors to journal communication after review and provisional acceptance is also considered as withdrawal of the article. If it is a published article the same will be retracted immediately following the COPE Retraction Guidelines.

The journal follows COPE flow charts (https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts) for handling the misconduct.

In addition to that we may take the following actions based on the severity of misconduct;

• Not allowing submission for 1–3 years.
• A prohibition from acting as an editor or reviewer.
• Reporting the misconduct to the author's institutions, employers, and, their funding agencies.

However, the minor or unintentional errors by the authors may be corrected by a corrigendum and errors by the publisher by an erratum.

COMPLAINTS AND APPEALS

Authors & readers can submit their complaints/appeals to the editor or the publisher of the journal through email info@japsonline.com or through the complaint form provided on the contact us page [Link]. All the complaints will assign a unique complaint number by the publisher. Authors/readers can use complaint numbers for further follow-up.

If you do not receive a response to your complaint within 48 hrs or if you are not satisfied with the response please write to associate editor paraszee05@gmail.com or chief editor editor@japsonline.com. Please mention your unique complaint number in follow-up emails.