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      Three-dimensional cell culture systems as an in vitro platform for cancer and stem cell modeling

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          Abstract

          Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to mimic tissue-like structures more effectively than the monolayer cultures. In cancer and stem cell research, the natural cell characteristics and architectures are closely mimicked by the 3D cell models. Thus, the 3D cell cultures are promising and suitable systems for various proposes, ranging from disease modeling to drug target identification as well as potential therapeutic substances that may transform our lives. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing cells, in particular cancer and stem cells, using 3D culture techniques. The major approaches highlighted here include cell spheroids, hydrogel embedding, bioreactors, scaffolds, and bioprinting. In addition, the progress of employing 3D cell culture systems as a platform for cancer and stem cell research was addressed, and the prominent studies of 3D cell culture systems were discussed.

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          Microencapsulated islets as bioartificial endocrine pancreas.

          F. Lim, A Sun (1980)
          Single implantation of microencapsulated islets into rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes corrected the diabetic state for 2 to 3 weeks. The microencapsulated islets remained morphologically and functionally intact throughout long-term culture studies lasting over 15 weeks.
          Article 0 comments Cited 350 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Recent advances in three-dimensional multicellular spheroid culture for biomedical research.

            Ruei-Zeng Lin, Ruei-Zhen Lin, Hwan-You Chang (2008)
            Many types of mammalian cells can aggregate and differentiate into 3-D multicellular spheroids when cultured in suspension or a nonadhesive environment. Compared to conventional monolayer cultures, multicellular spheroids resemble real tissues better in terms of structural and functional properties. Multicellular spheroids formed by transformed cells are widely used as avascular tumor models for metastasis and invasion research and for therapeutic screening. Many primary or progenitor cells on the other hand, show significantly enhanced viability and functional performance when grown as spheroids. Multicellular spheroids in this aspect are ideal building units for tissue reconstruction. Here we review the current understanding of multicellular spheroid formation mechanisms, their biomedical applications, and recent advances in spheroid culture, manipulation, and analysis techniques.
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              Cell encapsulation in biodegradable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications.

              Garret D Nicodemus, Stephanie J Bryant (2008)
              Encapsulating cells in biodegradable hydrogels offers numerous attractive features for tissue engineering, including ease of handling, a highly hydrated tissue-like environment for cell and tissue growth, and the ability to form in vivo. Many properties important to the design of a hydrogel scaffold, such as swelling, mechanical properties, degradation, and diffusion, are closely linked to the crosslinked structure of the hydrogel, which is controlled through a variety of different processing conditions. Degradation may be tuned by incorporating hydrolytically or enzymatically labile segments into the hydrogel or by using natural biopolymers that are susceptible to enzymatic degradation. Because cells are present during the gelation process, the number of suitable chemistries and formulations are limited. In this review, we describe important considerations for designing biodegradable hydrogels for cell encapsulation and highlight recent advances in material design and their applications in tissue engineering.
              Article 0 comments Cited 267 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
                Phongsakorn Kunhorm
                Parinya Noisa
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): World J Stem Cells
                Journal ID (publisher-id): WJSC
                Title: World Journal of Stem Cells
                Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
                ISSN (Electronic): 1948-0210
                Publication date (Print): 26 December 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 December 2019
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 1065-1083
                Affiliations
                Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
                Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
                Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. p.noisa@ 123456sut.ac.th
                Author notes

                Author contributions: Chaicharoenaudomrung N and Kunhorm P contributed equally to this work; Noisa P designed the layout of the review article and edited the work; Chaicharoenaudomrung N and Kunhorm P wrote the paper.

                Corresponding author: Parinya Noisa, PhD, Assistant Professor, Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. p.noisa@ 123456sut.ac.th

                Telephone: +66-61-6266390 Fax: +66-44-224154

                Article
                Other ID: jWJSC.v11.i12.pg1065
                DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1065
                PMC ID: 6904866
                PubMed ID: 31875869
                SO-VID: 8aec6220-3f8e-487c-9533-5ba7e053048c
                Copyright © ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

                History
                Date received : 27 February 2019
                Date revision received : 9 October 2019
                Date accepted : 4 November 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: three-dimensional cultures,cancer,stem cells,disease modeling,in vitro screening platform
                Data availability:
                Keywords: three-dimensional cultures, cancer, stem cells, disease modeling, in vitro screening platform

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