Phasmarhabditis bohemica n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a slug-parasitic nematode from the Czech Republic

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Abstract

Phasmarhabditis bohemica n. sp. is described and illustrated from the body of Deroceras reticulatum from the village of Chelčice, the Czech Republic. Morphological and molecular data showed that the new isolate is close to other species of Phasmarhabditis, particularly P. californica and P. papillosa. Females are characterised by a body length of 2079 (1777-2222) μm and a long tapering tail with prominent papilliform phasmids located laterally in the mid-tail region. Males are 1683 (1515-1818) μm long. They have a peloderan bursa, with nine pairs of rays, 1/1/1/2/1/3, and a reflexed testis 495 (434-555) μm long. Dauer juveniles are thin, 553 (474-636) μm long, with prominent lateral fields consisting of two prominent ridges and three incisures. Small subunit (18S), ITS, and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA were used to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of sequenced species in Phasmarhabditis and other closely related species. Our preliminary observations suggest that the newly described species may be a facultative mollusc-parasitic nematode that is able to survive permanently in the saprobic phase on decaying organic matter. The ecology, morphology, and phylogenetic positions of P. bohemica n. sp. are discussed.

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Most cited references 17

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Molecular phylogeny of clade III nematodes reveals multiple origins of tissue parasitism.

J Hugot, Douglas Houston, H. Madrid … (2007)

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of 113 taxa representing Ascaridida, Rhigonematida, Spirurida and Oxyurida were used to infer a more comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for representatives of 'clade III'. The posterior probability of multiple alignment sites was used to exclude or weight characters, yielding datasets that were analysed using maximum parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Phylogenetic results were robust to differences among inference methods for most high-level taxonomic groups, but some clades were sensitive to treatments of characters reflecting differences in alignment ambiguity. Taxa representing Camallanoidea, Oxyurida, Physalopteroidea, Raphidascarididae, and Skrjabillanidae were monophyletic in all 9 analyses whereas Ascaridida, Ascarididae, Anisakidae, Cosmocercoidea, Habronematoidea, Heterocheilidae, Philometridae, Rhigonematida and Thelazioidea were never monophyletic. Some clades recovered in all trees such as Dracunculoidea and Spirurina included the vast majority of their sampled species, but were non-monophyletic due to the consistent behaviour of one or few 'rogue' taxa. Similarly, 102 of 103 clade III taxa were strongly supported as monophyletic, yet clade III was paraphyletic due to the grouping of Truttaedacnitis truttae with the outgroups. Mapping of host 'habitat' revealed that tissue-dwelling localization of nematode adults has evolved independently at least 3 times, and relationships among Spirurina and Camallanina often reflected tissue predilection rather than taxonomy.

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The rhabditid nematodePhasmarhabditis hermaphroditaas a potential biological control agent for slugs

M J Wilson, D Glen, S. K. George (1993)

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Biological control of terrestrial molluscs using Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita--progress and prospects.

Robbie Rae, Cyrille Verdun, Parwinder Grewal … (2007)

Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita Schneider (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) is a nematode that parasitises a wide range of slug and snail species. It has been formulated into a biological control agent (Nemaslug) and was commercialised in 1994. It is now available in fourteen European countries. A review is given of all research on P. hermaphrodita, including basic biology, mass cultivation, formulation, host range, application strategies, field efficacy and effects on non-target organisms. The many critical gaps in present knowledge are highlighted, and future research is proposed that will lead to greater understanding of this unusual parasite and may enable its more widespread use in the management of mollusc pests. Copyright (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Nematology

Abbreviated Title: Nematol

Publisher: Brill

ISSN (Electronic): 1388-5545

ISSN (Electronic): 1568-5411

Publication date Created: 2017

Publication date (Print): 2017

Volume: 19

Issue: 1

Pages: 93-107

Affiliations

[1 ]Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Laboratory of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

[2 ]University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Dr. 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA

Article

DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003034

SO-VID: 7cb891b6-5e7b-4e39-af15-853e844ee39c

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