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      A developed high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the determination of baicalin in Oroxylum indicum L. and its antioxidant activity

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          A simple, accurate, precise, and specific high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the quantitative determination and validation of baicalin in different extracts of Oroxylum indicum has been developed for the first time. The mobile phase of acetone‒ethyl acetate‒water‒formic acid (2:10:0.5:0.5, V/V) was used for achieving good separation. Densitometric determination was carried out at 318 nm. The calibration curves were found to be linear in the range between 200 and 1000 ng per spot. During the analysis, the ethanolic extract of O. indicum showed higher content of baicalin than acetone, DMSO, and DMF extracts. Further, the antioxidant potential of different extracts of O. indicum were assessed with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The developed method of HPTLC was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision and linearity. The ethanolic extract has unveiled significant antioxidant activity with a percentage inhibition of 67.34%.

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          Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.

          Biswanath Dinda, Subhajit Dinda, Saikat DasSharma … (2017)
          The flavonoids, baicalin (5,6-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-7-O-d-β-glucuronic acid) 1 and its aglycone, baicalein 2 are found in edible medicinal plants, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz in abundant quantities. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids have been demonstrated in various disease models, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, gout and rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, neurodegenerative-, liver- and kidney diseases, encephalomyelitis, and carcinogenesis. These flavonoids have almost no toxicity to human normal epithelial, peripheral and myeloid cells. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are largely due to their abilities to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improvement of antioxidant status by attenuating the activity of NF-κB and suppressing the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, cellular adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor and interleukins. In this review, we summarize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin and baicalein with molecular mechanisms for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications in the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.
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            Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, an important Asian traditional medicine: from traditional uses to scientific data for its commercial exploitation.

            P Rudrapaul, M Dinda, I SilSarma … (2015)
            Oroxylum indicum\ (L.) Kurz has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine in Asia in ethnomedicinal systems for the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as jaundice, arthritic and rheumatic problems, gastric ulcers, tumors, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and diarrhea and dysentery, among others. The present review provides scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potency of the plant for ethnomedicinal uses and identifies gaps for future research to facilitate commercial exploitation.
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              In vitro free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of ethanol extract of Terminalia glaucescens

              J. Olugbami, Michael A. Gbadegesin, Oyeronke A. Odunola (2015)
              Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in various pathological conditions. Synthetic antioxidants have adverse health effects, while many medicinal plants have antioxidant components that can prevent the harmful effects of ROS. Objectives: This study quantitatively determined the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant properties of ethanol extract of the stem bark of Terminalia glaucescens (EESTG). Materials and Methods: The objectives were achieved based on in vitro assays. Data were analyzed by Sigma Plot (version 11.0). Results: Using gallic acid as the standard compound, TPC value obtained was 596.57 μg GAE/mg extract. TFC content of EESTG, determined as quercetin equivalent was 129.58 μg QE/mg extract. Furthermore, EESTG significantly (P < 0.001) displayed higher reducing power activity than the standard compounds (ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT]). Total antioxidant capacity assay, measured by phosphomolybdate method, was 358.33 ± 5.77 μg butylated hydroxytoluene equivalents [BHTE]/mg extract. β-carotene-linoleate bleaching method affirmed the potency of EESTG because of its significantly (P < 0.001) higher anti-oxidant activity when compared with quercetin and BHT. Based on DPPH assay, EESTG displayed significantly (P < 0.001) higher activity than BHT, while the hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of BHT and quercetin significantly (P < 0.001) exceeded that of the extract, although EESTG still displayed a high level of activity obtained as 83.77% in comparison to 92.80% of the standard compounds. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate the presence of promisingly potent phytoconstituents in EESTG that have the capability to act as antioxidants and free radical scavengers.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Mohd. Aqil:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-3104
                aqilmalik@yahoo.com
                Mohd. Mujeeb:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3110-6089
                mohdmujeeb72@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): JPC-J Planar Chromat
                Title: Journal of Planar Chromatography--Modern TLC
                Publisher: Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                ISSN (Print): 0933-4173
                ISSN (Electronic): 1789-0993
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 August 2022
                Pages: 1-11
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
                [2 ]Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
                [3 ]GRID grid.56302.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1773 5396, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, , King Saud University, ; Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-1124
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-2967
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-4564
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-3104
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3110-6089
                Article
                Publisher ID: 182
                DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00182-4
                PMC ID: 9376911
                SO-VID: 780c195a-886f-40c0-ac3c-55b8ab86fcc3
                Copyright © © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 13 March 2022
                Date accepted : 24 May 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research Paper

                Keywords: baicalin,oroxylum indicum,high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc),antioxidant activity
                Data availability:
                Keywords: baicalin, oroxylum indicum, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc), antioxidant activity

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