Factors of the childbirth fear among nulliparous women in Iran

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Abstract

Background

Fear of childbirth is an anxiety associated with childbirth, which manifests itself in physical and concentration problems. It is often associated with requesting a cesarean section, and it is prevalent in nulliparous women. This is a study aimed to summarize the published research on the factors for fear of childbirth in nulliparous women in Iran.

Methods

This study was conducted based on the PRISMA statement. A literature search was performed on nine electronic databases (Web of Sciences, Since Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Persian databases including Scientific Information Database, Irandoc, and Magiran) using keywords related to fear of childbirth, factors, nulliparous, and Iran from 2000 to 2020. This study included cross-sectional studies with full-text in English or Persian in Iran. The quality of the selected studies was evaluated independently by two authors and via the STROBE checklist.

Results

In this study, 93 articles were identified,13 duplicate articles were excluded, 80 articles were screened by title and abstract, 62 were excluded, and the full-text of 18 articles was assessed for analysis. Of these, 12 were excluded, and six articles were reviewed. Six studies were conducted in different provinces of Iran. Based on the study results, factors of the fear of childbirth in nulliparous women were: biological (the process of labor and childbirth and labor pain, concern for the baby (harm to the baby and baby infirmity), psychological (painful injections during labor and suturing in childbirth), and individual (loss of control during labor).

Conclusions

This study identified four main factors that affect fear of childbirth status in nulliparous women, and concern for the baby was a more common factor in this study. In conclusion, these factors can be reduced by increasing their assurance about child health, training during pregnancy, talking about positive experiences, and holding workshops.

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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies

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Author and article information

Contributors

Safieh Kananikandeh:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9942-4668

s.kananikandeh@modares.ac.ir

Farkhondeh Amin Shokravi:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-0167

aminsh_f@modares.ac.ir

Mojgan Mirghafourvand:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4309

mirghafourvand@gmail.com

Shayesteh Jahanfar:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-1067

shayesteh.jahanfar@tufts.edu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

Title: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2393

Publication date (Electronic): 6 July 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 6 July 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 22

Electronic Location Identifier: 547

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.412266.5, ISNI 0000 0001 1781 3962, Health Education and Health Promotion, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, , Tarbiat Modares University, ; Tehran, Iran

[2 ]GRID grid.412888.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2174 8913, Reproductive Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, ; Tabriz, Iran

[3 ]GRID grid.67033.31, ISNI 0000 0000 8934 4045, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, , Tufts University School of Medicine, ; Boston, USA

Author information

Safieh Kananikandeh http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9942-4668

Farkhondeh Amin Shokravi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-0167

Mojgan Mirghafourvand http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4309

Shayesteh Jahanfar http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-1067

Article

Publisher ID: 4870

DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04870-1

PMC ID: 9260972

PubMed ID: 35794544

SO-VID: 5df61f75-2591-4a0b-ba92-8a2b70f37b99

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 25 December 2021

Date accepted : 27 June 2022

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology

Keywords: fear of childbirth,pregnancy,nulliparous

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology

Keywords: fear of childbirth, pregnancy, nulliparous

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Factors of the childbirth fear among nulliparous women in Iran

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