Three-dimensional printing for cardiovascular diseases: from anatomical modeling to dynamic functionality

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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is widely used in medicine. Most research remains focused on forming rigid anatomical models, but moving from static models to dynamic functionality could greatly aid preoperative surgical planning. This work reviews literature on dynamic 3D heart models made of flexible materials for use with a mock circulatory system. Such models allow simulation of surgical procedures under mock physiological conditions, and are; therefore, potentially very useful to clinical practice. For example, anatomical models of mitral regurgitation could provide a better display of lesion area, while dynamic 3D models could further simulate in vitro hemodynamics. Dynamic 3D models could also be used in setting standards for certain parameters for function evaluation, such as flow reserve fraction in coronary heart disease. As a bridge between medical image and clinical aid, 3D printing is now gradually changing the traditional pattern of diagnosis and treatment.

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3D-printing techniques in a medical setting: a systematic literature review

Philip Tack, Jan Victor, Paul Gemmel … (2016)

Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing has numerous applications and has gained much interest in the medical world. The constantly improving quality of 3D-printing applications has contributed to their increased use on patients. This paper summarizes the literature on surgical 3D-printing applications used on patients, with a focus on reported clinical and economic outcomes. Methods Three major literature databases were screened for case series (more than three cases described in the same study) and trials of surgical applications of 3D printing in humans. Results 227 surgical papers were analyzed and summarized using an evidence table. The papers described the use of 3D printing for surgical guides, anatomical models, and custom implants. 3D printing is used in multiple surgical domains, such as orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, cranial surgery, and spinal surgery. In general, the advantages of 3D-printed parts are said to include reduced surgical time, improved medical outcome, and decreased radiation exposure. The costs of printing and additional scans generally increase the overall cost of the procedure. Conclusion 3D printing is well integrated in surgical practice and research. Applications vary from anatomical models mainly intended for surgical planning to surgical guides and implants. Our research suggests that there are several advantages to 3D-printed applications, but that further research is needed to determine whether the increased intervention costs can be balanced with the observable advantages of this new technology. There is a need for a formal cost–effectiveness analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12938-016-0236-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in dental practice.

William Scarfe, Allan G. Farman, Predag Sukovic (2006)

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems have been designed for imaging hard tissues of the maxillofacial region. CBCT is capable of providing sub-millimetre resolution in images of high diagnostic quality, with short scanning times (10-70 seconds) and radiation dosages reportedly up to 15 times lower than those of conventional CT scans. Increasing availability of this technology provides the dental clinician with an imaging modality capable of providing a 3-dimensional representation of the maxillofacial skeleton with minimal distortion. This article provides an overview of currently available maxillofacial CBCT systems and reviews the specific application of various CBCT display modes to clinical dental practice.

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Design and fabrication of human skin by three-dimensional bioprinting.

Vivian W. Lee, Gurtej Singh, John P Trasatti … (2014)

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, a flexible automated on-demand platform for the free-form fabrication of complex living architectures, is a novel approach for the design and engineering of human organs and tissues. Here, we demonstrate the potential of 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering using human skin as a prototypical example. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were used as constituent cells to represent the epidermis and dermis, and collagen was used to represent the dermal matrix of the skin. Preliminary studies were conducted to optimize printing parameters for maximum cell viability as well as for the optimization of cell densities in the epidermis and dermis to mimic physiologically relevant attributes of human skin. Printed 3D constructs were cultured in submerged media conditions followed by exposure of the epidermal layer to the air-liquid interface to promote maturation and stratification. Histology and immunofluorescence characterization demonstrated that 3D printed skin tissue was morphologically and biologically representative of in vivo human skin tissue. In comparison with traditional methods for skin engineering, 3D bioprinting offers several advantages in terms of shape- and form retention, flexibility, reproducibility, and high culture throughput. It has a broad range of applications in transdermal and topical formulation discovery, dermal toxicity studies, and in designing autologous grafts for wound healing. The proof-of-concept studies presented here can be further extended for enhancing the complexity of the skin model via the incorporation of secondary and adnexal structures or the inclusion of diseased cells to serve as a model for studying the pathophysiology of skin diseases.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Qing Zhou: qingzhou@whu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Eng Online

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Eng Online

Title: BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1475-925X

Publication date (Electronic): 7 October 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 7 October 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 19

Electronic Location Identifier: 76

Affiliations

GRID grid.412632.0, ISNI 0000 0004 1758 2270, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, ; Wuhan, 430060 China

Article

Publisher ID: 822

DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-00822-y

PMC ID: 7542711

PubMed ID: 33028306

SO-VID: 5cb44863-faf9-4f55-98d8-c31df9cbbfdf

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 12 August 2020

Date accepted : 28 September 2020

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 81771849

Award Recipient : Qing Zhou

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering

Keywords: 3d printing,cardiovascular disease,mock circulatory system

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering

Keywords: 3d printing, cardiovascular disease, mock circulatory system

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Three-dimensional printing for cardiovascular diseases: from anatomical modeling to dynamic functionality

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications

Most cited references 90

3D-printing techniques in a medical setting: a systematic literature review

Clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in dental practice.

Design and fabrication of human skin by three-dimensional bioprinting.

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Cited by 9

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