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      External Quality Assessment (EQA) for Molecular Diagnostics of Zika Virus: Experiences from an International EQA Programme, 2016–2018

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          Abstract

          Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD), an international provider for External Quality Assessment (EQA) programmes, has introduced a programme for molecular diagnostics of Zika virus (ZIKV) in 2016, which has been continuously offered to interested laboratories since that time. The EQA schemes provided from 2016 to 2018 revealed that 86.7% (92/106), 82.4% (89/108), and 88.2% (90/102) of the participating laboratories reported correct results for all samples, respectively in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The review of results indicated a need for improvement concerning analytical sensitivity and specificity of the test methods. Comparison with the outcomes of other EQA initiatives briefly summarized here show that continuous quality assurance is important to improve laboratory performance and to increase preparedness with reliable diagnostic assays for effective patient management, infection and outbreak control.

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          An update on Zika virus infection

          Marion Lanteri, Bruno Schaub, Duane J. Gubler … (2017)
          Article 0 comments Cited 230 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Infection-related microcephaly after the 2015 and 2016 Zika virus outbreaks in Brazil: a surveillance-based analysis.

            Maria Schmidt, Ricardo de Souza Kuchenbecker, Bruce Duncan … (2017)
            On Nov 11, 2015, the Brazilian Ministry of Health declared a Public Health Emergency of National Concern in response to an increased number of microcephaly cases, possibly related to previous Zika virus outbreaks. We describe the course of the dual epidemics of the Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly in Brazil up to Nov 12, 2016, the first anniversary of this declaration.
            Article 0 comments Cited 139 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Assay optimization for molecular detection of Zika virus

              Victor M Corman, Andrea Rasche, Cecile Baronti … (2016)
              Abstract Objective To examine the diagnostic performance of real-time reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for Zika virus detection. Methods We compared seven published real-time RT–PCR assays and two new assays that we have developed. To determine the analytical sensitivity of each assay, we constructed a synthetic universal control ribonucleic acid (uncRNA) containing all of the assays’ target regions on one RNA strand and spiked human blood or urine with known quantities of African or Asian Zika virus strains. Viral loads in 33 samples from Zika virus-infected patients were determined by using one of the new assays. Findings Oligonucleotides of the published real-time RT–PCR assays, showed up to 10 potential mismatches with the Asian lineage causing the current outbreak, compared with 0 to 4 mismatches for the new assays. The 95% lower detection limit of the seven most sensitive assays ranged from 2.1 to 12.1 uncRNA copies/reaction. Two assays had lower sensitivities of 17.0 and 1373.3 uncRNA copies/reaction and showed a similar sensitivity when using spiked samples. The mean viral loads in samples from Zika virus-infected patients were 5 × 104 RNA copies/mL of blood and 2 × 104 RNA copies/mL of urine. Conclusion We provide reagents and updated protocols for Zika virus detection suitable for the current outbreak strains. Some published assays might be unsuitable for Zika virus detection, due to the limited sensitivity and potential incompatibility with some strains. Viral concentrations in the clinical samples were close to the technical detection limit, suggesting that the use of insensitive assays will cause false-negative results.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Viruses
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Viruses
                Journal ID (publisher-id): viruses
                Title: Viruses
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1999-4915
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 September 2018
                Publication date Collection: September 2018
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 491
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD), Unit 5, Technology Terrace, Todd Campus, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow G20 0XA, UK; ElaineMcCulloch@ 123456qcmd.org (E.M.); PaulWallace@ 123456qcmd.org (P.S.W.)
                [2 ]Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI), Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, 63225 Langen, Germany; Constanze.Yue@ 123456pei.de (C.Y.); Sally.Baylis@ 123456pei.de (S.A.B.)
                [3 ]Robert Koch-Institut (RKI), 13353 Berlin, Germany; niedrigm@ 123456rki.de
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: OliverDonoso@ 123456qcmd.org
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3884-5271
                Article
                Publisher ID: viruses-10-00491
                DOI: 10.3390/v10090491
                PMC ID: 6163558
                PubMed ID: 30216988
                SO-VID: 4bb2193a-eb0c-44f9-9648-21eff690a189
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 27 July 2018
                Date accepted : 12 September 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: zika virus,mosquito-borne flavivirus,emerging arbovirus,outbreak control,molecular diagnostics,laboratory preparedness,assay standardization,external quality assessment,eqa,qcmd
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: zika virus, mosquito-borne flavivirus, emerging arbovirus, outbreak control, molecular diagnostics, laboratory preparedness, assay standardization, external quality assessment, eqa, qcmd

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