Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Hospital Study

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Abstract

Introduction: Hearing loss is one of the most common congenital disabilities in neonates. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss and identify the most significant risk factor in neonates hospitalized at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 530 neonates admitted to NICU Abuzar Hospital with risk factors for hearing loss based on Joint Committee of Infant Hearing (JCIH). The hearing screening tests include transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAES) and the automated auditory brain stem response (AABR). For infants with abnormal AABR and TEOAE results, the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Auditory Steady-State Responses (ASSR) tests were performed.

Result: Of 530 infants, 27 (5.09%) were diagnosed with different types of hearing loss. Ototoxic drugs, hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion, asphyxia, low weight birth, Apgar score < 5, and a kinship marriage of parents were significant risk factors for hearing loss in our study population.

Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of hearing loss in the NICU, it is recommended that a hearing screening program be performed for all infants admitted to the NICU. Implement a comprehensive plan for neonatal hearing screening for early detection and intervention of hearing loss is essential.

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Most cited references 24

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Prevalence and independent risk factors for hearing loss in NICU infants.

Egbert van Nes, Elysée Hille, Annemieke J. M. H. Verkerk … (2007)

To determine the prevalence and independent relationship between hearing loss and risk factors in a representative neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population. Automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) hearing screening has been introduced since 1998 in the Dutch NICUs. After a second AABR failure, diagnostic ABR was used to establish diagnosis of hearing loss. Newborns who died before the age of 3 months were excluded. In the present study only the NICU infants who were born with a gestational age or =5 days and syndromes. A nationwide cohort of 2186 newborns were included. Mean gestational age was 28.5 weeks (SD 1.6) and mean birth weight was 1039 g (SD 256). Prevalence of uni- or bilateral hearing loss was 3.2% (71/2186; 95% CI 2.6-4.1). Multivariate analysis revealed that the only independent risk factors for hearing loss were severe birth asphyxia (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0-2.7) and assisted ventilation > or =5 days (OR 3.6; 95% CI 2.1-6.0). The prevalence of hearing loss in a representative NICU population was 3.2%. Independent risk factors for hearing loss were severe birth asphyxia and assisted ventilation > or =5 days.

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Risk factors associated with hearing loss in infants: an analysis of 5282 referred neonates.

Ireneusz Bielecki, Anna Horbulewicz, Teresa Wolan (2011)

The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors and their influence on - the distribution and manifestation of - hearing loss in infants. The study was conducted at the Department of Laryngology in the Upper Silesian Center for Child Health in Katowice (Poland), as part of the Polish National Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening, conducted from 2003 to 2009.

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Newborn hearing screening on infants at risk.

Christine Ohl, Liliane Dornier, Cécile Czajka … (2009)

This article presents the results of newborn hearing screenings on infants at risk of hearing impairment at the French University Hospital of Besançon from 2001 to 2007. All newborns at risk of hearing impairment were tested according to the method recommended by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH): a two-step automated oto-acoustic emissions (AOAE) program, completed by an auditory brainstem response (ABR) for the positive diagnosis of hearing impairment. The screening started with AOAE on the third day of life, at the earliest. If one or both ears did not have AOAE, the infant was re-tested at which time, should the AOAE again be positive, ABR was performed. When the ABR threshold was 40dB or more, the infant was referred to an audiologist specialized in infant deafness for diagnosis confirmation and management. Over the period, 1461 infants were screened, among whom 4.55% were diagnosed as deaf or hard of hearing. Nearly 10% of the infants were lost to follow up. Forty-six children had a sensorineural hearing impairment, of which 34 were bilateral and were managed before the age of 6 months. The risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss were (in order of statistical significance): severe birth asphyxia; neurological disorder; syndromes known to be associated with hearing loss; TORCH (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes) infections; family history of deafness; age at the time of screening; and the association of 2 or more risk factors. However, birth weight inferior to 1500g and premature birth before the 34th week of pregnancy did not show a statistically significant influence on sensorineural hearing loss. Craniofacial anomalies (mostly cleft palate and ear aplasia) were a significant factor for conductive hearing loss. Our selected hearing screening on infants at risk allowed 60 deaf children access to early management. However, too many children were lost to follow up; which revealed that better information regarding risk of hearing loss must be provided to parents and paramedics and universal newborn screening needs to be performed. The most important result of this study is that in a population of hearing impaired children, with an impairment incidence close to what is commonly reported, the association of several risk factors proves to be a significant additional risk factor for hearing impairment.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cureus

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cureus

Journal ID (issn): 2168-8184

Title: Cureus

Publisher: Cureus (Palo Alto (CA) )

ISSN (Electronic): 2168-8184

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 27 October 2020

Publication date (Electronic, collection): October 2020

Volume: 12

Issue: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: e11207

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IRN

[2 ] Department of Audiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IRN

[3 ] Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IRN

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Maryam Delphi delphi.maryam1@ 123456gmail.com

Article

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11207

PMC ID: 7704024

PubMed ID: 33269138

SO-VID: 2b25c5e0-e6c2-4fc1-a318-be82d92bff95

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Hospital Study

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Hearing Loss and Restoration

Most cited references 24

Prevalence and independent risk factors for hearing loss in NICU infants.

Risk factors associated with hearing loss in infants: an analysis of 5282 referred neonates.

Newborn hearing screening on infants at risk.

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