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      Development of an interactive elective “altered anatomy” for students as part of the Z-curriculum according to the NKLM 2.0 Translated title: Entwicklung eines interaktiven Wahlfachs „veränderte Anatomie” für Studierende als Teil des Z-Curriculums nach dem NKLM 2.0

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          Many patients have undergone visceral surgery. The effects on anatomy and physiology, which can result in further surgical or gastroenterological clinical pictures, are equally significant and require special knowledge. This content should be taught in an interdisciplinary elective course. The draft of the new 2025 approval regulation and the current approval regulation specify that preclinical and clinical content should specifically be combined within the framework of a Z-curriculum and that the new elective course should meet these requirements.

          Methodology:

          Practical and theoretical aspects of recognising and treating patients with postoperative modified anatomy are to be taught and the findings are to be demonstrated using anatomical and artificial preparations. The curriculum of the preclinical course covers anatomy and physiology. The target group of the curriculum is all participating students with a special interest in topics such as anatomy, visceral surgery and gastroenterology. However, the goal is to involve student tutors of the anatomical dissection courses, who, in turn, will pass on knowledge of modified anatomy to the supervised preclinical students.

          Results:

          According to Thomas and Kern, the curriculum development process entails the following six stages: general needs assessment, targeted needs assessment, the formulation of goals and content, the description of strategies, planned implementation and evaluation.

          Conclusion:

          A “modified anatomy” curriculum for an interdisciplinary elective course in surgery, gastroenterology, and anatomy was developed. Through the training of anatomy table tutors, a “dovetailing” with the preclinical stage is to be achieved. In addition, new concepts related to the transfer of knowledge and competencies were introduced and should be evaluated for suitability.

          Zusammenfassung

          Zielsetzung:

          Viele Patient*innen sind viszeralchirurgisch voroperiert. Die Auswirkungen auf die Anatomie und Physiologie, die weitere chirurgische oder gastroenterologische Krankheitsbilder bedingen können, sind gleichermaßen bedeutsam und benötigen besonderer Kenntnisse. Diese Inhalte sollen in einem interdisziplinären Wahlfach vermittelt werden. Der Entwurf der neuen Approbationsordnung 2025 sowie die geltende Approbationsordnung geben vor, dass gezielt vorklinische und klinische Inhalte im Rahmen eines Z-Curriculums miteinander verbunden werden und das neue Wahlfach diesen Anforderungen gerecht werden sollen.

          Methodik:

          Praktische und theoretische Aspekte im Erkennen und Behandeln von Patient*innen mit postoperativ veränderter Anatomie sollen vermittelt werden und Befunde durch anatomische und artifizielle Präparate demonstriert werden. Inhalte der Vorklinik, die in diesem Curriculum aufgegriffen werden, sind Anatomie und Physiologie. Die Zielgruppe des Curriculums bilden alle teilnehmenden Studierenden, die ein besonderes Interesse an Themen wie Anatomie, Viszeralchirurgie, oder Gastroenterologie haben. Fokussiert sollen jedoch studierende Tutor*Innen der anatomischen Präparier-Kurse eingebunden werden. Durch die Tutor*innen können die Kenntnisse in der veränderten Anatomie an die betreuten Studierenden der Vorklinik weitergegeben werden.

          Ergebnisse:

          Das sechs-schrittige Verfahren zur Curriculums-Entwicklung nach Thomas und Kern wird mit folgenden Etappen beschrieben: allgemeine Bedarfsanalyse, gezielte Bedarfsanalyse, Formulierung von Zielen und Inhalten, Beschreibung der Strategien, geplante Implementierung und Evaluation.

          Schlussfolgerung:

          Ein Curriculum „veränderte Anatomie“ für ein interdisziplinäres Wahlfach in den Fächern Chirurgie, Gastroenterologie und Anatomie wurde entwickelt. Durch die Ausbildung von Anatomie-Tischtutor*Innen soll eine „Verzahnung“ mit der Vorklinik erreicht werden. Neuartige Konzepte der Wissens- und Kompetenzvermittlung wurden eingepflegt und sollten bzgl. Ihrer Eignung evaluiert werden.

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          Most cited references25

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          Bariatric Surgery Worldwide: Baseline Demographic Description and One-Year Outcomes from the Fourth IFSO Global Registry Report 2018

          Since 2014, the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) has produced an annual report of all bariatric surgery submitted to the Global Registry. We describe baseline demographics of international practice from the 4th report.
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            The effectiveness of case-based learning in health professional education. A BEME systematic review: BEME Guide No. 23.

            Case-based learning (CBL) is a long established pedagogical method, which is defined in a number of ways depending on the discipline and type of 'case' employed. In health professional education, learning activities are commonly based on patient cases. Basic, social and clinical sciences are studied in relation to the case, are integrated with clinical presentations and conditions (including health and ill-health) and student learning is, therefore, associated with real-life situations. Although many claims are made for CBL as an effective learning and teaching method, very little evidence is quoted or generated to support these claims. We frame this review from the perspective of CBL as a type of inquiry-based learning. To explore, analyse and synthesise the evidence relating to the effectiveness of CBL as a means of achieving defined learning outcomes in health professional prequalification training programmes. We focused the review on CBL for prequalification health professional programmes including medicine, dentistry, veterinary science, nursing and midwifery, social care and the allied health professions (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, etc.). Papers were required to have outcome data on effectiveness. The search covered the period from 1965 to week 4 September 2010 and the following databases: ASSIA, CINAHL, EMBASE, Education Research, Medline and Web of Knowledge (WoK). Two members of the topic review group (TRG) independently reviewed the 173 abstracts retrieved from Medline and compared findings. As there was good agreement on inclusion, one went onto review the WoK and ASSIA EndNote databases and the other the Embase, CINAHL and Education Research databases to decide on papers to submit for coding. Coding and data analysis: The TRG modified the standard best evidence medical education coding sheet to fit our research questions and assessed each paper for quality. After a preliminary reliability exercise, each full paper was read and graded by one reviewer with the papers scoring 3-5 (of 5) for strength of findings being read by a second reviewer. A summary of each completed coding form was entered into an Excel spread sheet. The type of data in the papers was not amenable to traditional meta-analysis because of the variability in interventions, information given, student numbers (and lack of) and timings. We, therefore, adopted a narrative synthesis method to compare, contrast, synthesise and interpret the data, working within a framework of inquiry-based learning. The final number of coded papers for inclusion was 104. The TRG agreed that 23 papers would be classified as of higher quality and significance (22%). There was a wide diversity in the type, timing, number and length of exposure to cases and how cases were defined. Medicine was the most commonly included profession. Numbers of students taking part in CBL varied from below 50 to over 1000. The shortest interventions were two hours, and one case, whereas the longest was CBL through a whole year. Group sizes ranged from students working alone to over 30, with the majority between 2 and 15 students per group. The majority of studies involved single cohorts of students (61%), with 29% comparing multiple groups, 8% involving different year groups and 2% with historical controls. The outcomes evaluation was either carried out postintervention only (78 papers; 75%), preintervention and postintervention (23 papers; 22%) or during and postintervention (3 papers; <3%). Our analysis provided the basis for discussion of definitions of CBL, methods used and advocated, topics and learning outcomes and whether CBL is effective based on the evaluation data. Overwhelmingly, students enjoy CBL and think that it enhances their learning. The empirical data taken as a whole are inconclusive as to the effects on learning compared with other types of activity. Teachers enjoy CBL, partly because it engages, and is perceived to motivate, students. CBL seems to foster learning in small groups though whether this is the case delivery or the group learning effect is unclear.
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              • Article: not found

              American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery estimation of metabolic and bariatric procedures performed in the United States in 2016

              Bariatric surgery, despite being the most successful long-lasting treatment for morbid obesity, remains underused as only approximately 1% of all patients who qualify for surgery actually undergo surgery. To determine if patients in need are receiving appropriate therapy, the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery created a Numbers Taskforce to specify annual rate of use for obesity treatment interventions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS Journal for Medical Education
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                2366-5017
                15 June 2023
                2023
                : 40
                : 4
                : Doc43
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University Hospital Tuebingen, Clinic for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Experimental Endoscopy, Research and Development, Tuebingen, Germany
                [2 ]University Hospital Tuebingen, Clinic for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tuebingen, Germany
                [3 ]University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Anatomy, Institute for Clinical Anatomy and Cellanalytics, Tuebingen, Germany
                [4 ]University Hospital Tuebingen, Internal Medicine I - Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hepatology, Infectiology and Geriatric Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dörte Wichmann, University Hospital Tuebingen, Clinic for General, Visceral-and Transplant Surgery, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)7071/29-68143, E-mail: doerte.wichmann@ 123456med.uni-tuebingen.de
                Article
                zma001625 Doc43 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0016256
                10.3205/zma001625
                10407590
                1f45c543-fe2d-4b73-b4a5-a146e9a7a493
                Copyright © 2023 Koch et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. See license information at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 14 September 2022
                : 06 April 2023
                : 01 February 2023
                Categories
                Article

                z-curriculum,nklm,modified anatomy
                z-curriculum, nklm, modified anatomy

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