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      Specific depression dimensions are associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline in older adults

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Understanding the relationship between different depression presentations and cognitive outcome may elucidate high‐risk sub‐groups for cognitive decline.

          Methods

          In this study we utilized longitudinal data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) on 16,743 initially not demented older adults followed every 12 months for an average of 5 years. Depression dimensions were defined based on the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), that is, dysphoric mood, Withdrawal‐Apathy‐Vigor (WAV), anxiety, hopelessness, and subjective memory complaint (SMC).

          Results

          After adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, SMC and hopelessness were associated with faster decline in global cognition and all cognitive domains and WAV with decline executive function. Dysphoric mood and anxiety were not associated with a faster cognitive decline in any of the cognitive domains.

          Discussion

          Different depression dimensions had different associations with the rate of cognitive decline, suggesting distinct pathophysiology and the need for more targeted interventions.

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          Most cited references52

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          Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal.

          Dale J. Barr, Roger Levy, Christoph Scheepers … (2013)
          Linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) have become increasingly prominent in psycholinguistics and related areas. However, many researchers do not seem to appreciate how random effects structures affect the generalizability of an analysis. Here, we argue that researchers using LMEMs for confirmatory hypothesis testing should minimally adhere to the standards that have been in place for many decades. Through theoretical arguments and Monte Carlo simulation, we show that LMEMs generalize best when they include the maximal random effects structure justified by the design. The generalization performance of LMEMs including data-driven random effects structures strongly depends upon modeling criteria and sample size, yielding reasonable results on moderately-sized samples when conservative criteria are used, but with little or no power advantage over maximal models. Finally, random-intercepts-only LMEMs used on within-subjects and/or within-items data from populations where subjects and/or items vary in their sensitivity to experimental manipulations always generalize worse than separate F 1 and F 2 tests, and in many cases, even worse than F 1 alone. Maximal LMEMs should be the 'gold standard' for confirmatory hypothesis testing in psycholinguistics and beyond.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1621 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

            Dariush Mozaffarian, Emelia Benjamin, Alan S Go … (2015)
            Article 0 comments Cited 835 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community.

              R. Pfeffer, T. Kurosaki, C Harrah … (1982)
              Two measures of social function designed for community studies of normal aging and mild senile dementia were evaluated in 195 older adults who underwent neurological, cognitive, and affective assessment. An examining and a reviewing neurologist and a neurologically trained nurse independently rated each on a Scale of Functional Capacity. Interrater reliability was high (examining vs. reviewing neurologist, r = .97; examining neurologist vs. nurse, tau b = .802; p less than .001 for both comparisons). Estimates correlated well with an established measure of social function and with results of cognitive tests. Alternate informants evaluated participants on the Functional Activities Questionnaire and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The Functional Activities Questionnaire was superior to the Instrumental Activities of Daily scores. Used alone as a diagnostic tool, the Functional Activities Questionnaire was more sensitive than distinguishing between normal and demented individuals.
              Article 0 comments Cited 436 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Laili Soleimani: laili.soleimani@mssm.edu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Alzheimers Dement (Amst)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Alzheimers Dement (Amst)
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2352-8729
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DAD2
                Title: Alzheimer's & Dementia : Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2352-8729
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 March 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/dad2.v14.1 )
                Electronic Location Identifier: e12268
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Psychiatry The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
                [ 2 ] The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center Sheba Medical Center Tel‐Hashomer Israel
                [ 3 ] James J Peters VAMC Bronx New York USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Laili Soleimani, Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.

                Email: laili.soleimani@ 123456mssm.edu

                Article
                Publisher ID: DAD212268
                DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12268
                PMC ID: 8923346
                PubMed ID: 35317432
                SO-VID: 1ebae83d-37ab-4cb3-ba55-4c2fafaa32d0
                Copyright © © 2022 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

                History
                Date revision received : 02 January 2022
                Date received : 08 October 2021
                Date accepted : 22 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, Pages: 11, Words: 6237
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date 2022
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.1.2 mode:remove_FC converted:15.03.2022

                Keywords: cognitive decline,depression dimensions,older adults
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cognitive decline, depression dimensions, older adults

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