The COVID-19 global challenge and its implications for the environment – what we are learning

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Abstract

Editorial call for contributions and invitation to join our synthetic effort and debate on shaping the future during and after the current pandemic.

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Most cited references 13

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COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution?

Frédéric Dutheil, Julien Baker, Valentin Navel (2020)

Highlights • Longer-chain perfluoroalkyl substances strongly inhibited carboxylesterase. • The higher binding affinity caused more severe inhibition. • Inhibition kinetics was studied, and in vitro-in vivo extrapolation was performed.

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Temperature Dependence of the Extrinsic Incubation Period of Orbiviruses in Culicoides Biting Midges

Simon Carpenter, Anthony Wilson, James Barber … (2011)

Background The rate at which viruses replicate and disseminate in competent arthropod vectors is limited by the temperature of their environment, and this can be an important determinant of geographical and seasonal limits to their transmission by arthropods in temperate regions. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we present a novel statistical methodology for estimating the relationship between temperature and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) and apply it to both published and novel data on virus replication for three internationally important orbiviruses (African horse sickness virus (AHSV), bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV)) in their Culicoides vectors. Our analyses show that there can be differences in vector competence for different orbiviruses in the same vector species and for the same orbivirus in different vector species. Both the rate of virus replication (approximately 0.017-0.021 per degree-day) and the minimum temperature required for replication (11-13°C), however, were generally consistent for different orbiviruses and across different Culicoides vector species. The estimates obtained in the present study suggest that previous publications have underestimated the replication rate and threshold temperature because the statistical methods they used included an implicit assumption that all negative vectors were infected. Conclusions/Significance Robust estimates of the temperature dependence of arbovirus replication are essential for building accurate models of transmission and for informing policy decisions about seasonal relaxations to movement restrictions. The methodology developed in this study provides the required robustness and is superior to methods used previously. Importantly, the methods are generic and can readily be applied to other arbovirus-vector systems, as long as the assumptions described in the text are valid.

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Climate change and the rising infectiousness of dengue

Joacim Rocklöv, Yesim Tozan (2019)

Abstract The disease burden of dengue has been steadily rising over the last half-century due to a multitude of factors, including global trade and travel, urbanization, population growth, and climate variability and change, that facilitate conductive conditions for the proliferation of dengue vectors and viruses. This review describes how climate, specifically temperature, affects the vectors’ ability to cause and sustain outbreaks, and how the infectiousness of dengue is influenced by climatic change. The review is focused on the core concepts and frameworks derived in the area of epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases and outlines the sensitivity of vectorial capacity and vector-to-human transmission on climatic conditions. It further reviews studies linking mathematical or statistical models of disease transmission to scenarios of projected climate change and provides recommendations for future research directions.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): UCL Open Environ

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): UCL Open Environ

Journal ID (publisher-id): UCLOE

Title: UCL Open Environment

Publisher: UCL Press (UK )

ISSN (Electronic): 2632-0886

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 12 May 2020

Publication date (Electronic, collection): 2020

Volume: 2

Electronic Location Identifier: e008

Affiliations

[1 ] Research Associate, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, 2 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BT, UK

[2 ] Chair of Human Ecology, Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, 2 Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BT, UK

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*Corresponding author: Email: uclopen.enveditor@ 123456ucl.ac.uk

Article

DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000008

PMC ID: 10208340

SO-VID: b021c831-8448-4bfb-98a5-8a79c9e1861d

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY) 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

UCL Press journals including UCL Open Environment have now moved website.

You will now find the journal, all publications, reviews and submission information at https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/ucloe

The COVID-19 global challenge and its implications for the environment – what we are learning

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UCL Open: Environment

Most cited references 13

COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution?

Temperature Dependence of the Extrinsic Incubation Period of Orbiviruses in Culicoides Biting Midges

Climate change and the rising infectiousness of dengue

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