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      If you have found this article useful and you think it is important that researchers across the world have access, please consider donating, to ensure that this valuable collection remains Open Access.

      Prometheus is published by Pluto Journals, an Open Access publisher. This means that everyone has free and unlimited access to the full-text of all articles from our international collection of social science journals. Furthermore Pluto Journals authors don’t pay article processing charges (APCs).

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      Prometheus

      Volume 36, Issue 4
       
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      Constructivism and its risks in artificial intelligence

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            Abstract

            The research and development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies involve choices that extend well beyond the search for narrow engineering solutions to problems. The label ‘constructivism’ is used to capture this larger realm of social choice. Drawing on the history of AI, a distinction is made between limited artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) and artificial general intelligence (AGI). Both forms, the paper argues, carry risks. Following this history, the paper outlines how different approaches to rationality have led to different ‘tribes’ of AI. No universal model of rationality is available to AI engineers. Choice is everywhere. The paper then moves to an exploration of the links between AI and chess. It argues that chess, far from being an objective measure of rationality and intelligence, reveals the subjective biases and risks involved in the pursuit of AI. The paper moves on to provides examples of various unstable and potentially dangerous race heats taking place in AI, including those among various AI research groups (public and private), among corporations and among states. The final section draws together the various risks of AI.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Journal
            Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50022063
            Journal ID (jcode): prometheus
            Title: Prometheus
            Publisher: Pluto Journals
            ISSN: 0810-9028
            ISSN: 1470-1030
            Publication date (Print): 1 December 2020
            Volume: 36
            Issue: 4 ( doiID: 10.13169/prometheus.36.issue-4 )
            Pages: 322-346
            Affiliations
            Private researcher, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia
            Article
            Publisher ID: prometheus.36.4.0322
            DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.36.4.0322
            SO-VID: 335c9bcb-cf33-446d-bf14-7348dcdf28a3
            Copyright © © 2020 Pluto Journals
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            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Custom metadata
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            ScienceOpen disciplines: Computer science,Arts,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,History,Economics

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