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      Quantifying Near‐Surface Rock Strength on a Regional Scale From Hillslope Stability Models

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          Empirical Strength Criterion for Rock Masses

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            Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake

            The 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake (Mw = 6.7) triggered more than 11,000 landslides over an area of about 10,000 km2. Most of the landslides were concentrated in a 1000-km2 area that included the Santa Susana Mountains and the mountains north of the Santa Clara River valley. We mapped landslides triggered by the earthquake in the field and from 1:60,000-nominal-scale aerial photography provided by the U.S. Air Force and taken the morning of the earthquake; these mapped landslides were subsequently digitized and plotted in a GIS-based format. Most of the triggered landslides were shallow (1- to 5-m thick), highly disrupted falls and slides within weakly cemented Tertiary to Pleistocene clastic sediment. Average volumes of these types of landslides were less than 1000 m3, but many had volumes exceeding 100,000 m3. The larger disrupted slides commonly had runout paths of more than 50 m, and a few traveled as far as 200 m from the bases of steep parent slopes. Deeper (>5-m thick) rotational slumps and block slides numbered in the tens to perhaps hundreds, a few of which exceeded 100,000 m3 in volume. Most of these were reactivations of previously existing landslides. The largest single landslide triggered by the earthquake was a rotational slump/block slide having a volume of 8 × 106 m3. Analysis of the mapped landslide distribution with respect to variations in (1) landslide susceptibility and (2) strong shaking recorded by hundreds of instruments will form the basis of a seismic landslide hazard analysis of the Los Angeles area.
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              A rock mass strength classification for geomorphic purposes: with tests from Antarctica and New Zealand

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
                J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.
                American Geophysical Union (AGU)
                2169-9003
                2169-9011
                July 2020
                July 22 2020
                July 2020
                : 125
                : 7
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
                [2 ]Department of Earth Sciences ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
                [3 ]Now at Department of Geosciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
                Article
                10.1029/2020JF005665
                fe90f13d-aa60-49eb-ad8b-a624919a4c90
                © 2020

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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