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      EFFECTS OF EXPLANT TYPE, CULTURE MEDIA AND PICLORAM AND DICAMBA GROWTH REGULATORS ON INDUCTION AND PROLIFERATION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOS IN EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS X E. UROPHYLLA1 Translated title: EFEITO DO TIPO DE EXPLANTE, DO MEIO DE CULTURA E DOS REGULADORES DE CRESCIMENTO DICAMBA E PICLORAM NA INDUÇÃO E PROLIFERAÇÃO DE EMBRIÕES SOMÁTICOS EM Eucalyptus grandis X E. urophylla

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to test the effects of explant type, auxin concentrations, culture media, and auxin concentrations on the induction and proliferation of somatic embryos of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Seeds and cotyledons were used as explants and inoculated in culture media containing 1.13, 2.26, 3.39 and 4.52 µM dicamba or 4.14, 10.35, 20.71 and 31.06 µM picloram. Embryogenic calli induced in the picloram treatments were used as explants and inoculated in semisolid or liquid media containing 4.14, 10.35, 20.71 and 31.06 µM picloram and keeping the origin of the embryogenic callus (seeds or cotyledons) and the concentration of picloram in those who were in the induction phase. Statistical, descriptive and anatomical analyses were performed. Induction of somatic pro-embryos into the juvenile plant material of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla was performed using seeds or cotyledons as the source of explants, with the addition of dicamba and picloram as growth regulators. The use of cotyledons as a source of explants and the concentration of 4.1 µM picloram added to the culture media resulted in a higher induction of somatic pro-embryos. Proliferation of secondary somatic embryos was achieved using liquid medium added with picloram.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar o efeito do tipo de explante e concentrações de auxinas na indução, bem como o efeito do meio de cultura e de concentrações de auxina na proliferação de embriões somáticos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Sementes e cotilédones foram utilizados como explantes e inoculados em meio de cultura de indução contendo 1,13; 2,26; 3,39 e 4,52 µM de dicamba ou 4,14; 10,35; 20,71 e 31,06 µM de picloram. Calos embriogênicos induzidos nos tratamentos com picloram foram utilizados como explantes e inoculados em meio semissólido ou líquido contendo 4,14; 10,35; 20,71 e 31,06 µM de picloram, mantendo-se a origem dos calos embriogênicos (sementes ou cotilédones) e a concentração de picloram em que os mesmos estavam na fase de indução. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas, descritivas e anatômicas. A indução de pró-embriões somáticos em material vegetal juvenil de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla pode ser realizada utilizando-se sementes ou cotilédones como fonte de explantes, e dicamba e picloram como reguladores de crescimento adicionados ao meio de cultura. O uso de cotilédones como fonte de explantes e a concentração de 4,1 µM de picloram adicionado ao meio de cultura resultou em maiores médias na indução de pró-embriões somáticos, A proliferação de pró-embriões somáticos secundários pode ser obtida utilizando meio liquido adicionado de picloram.

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          Somatic embryogenesis - Stress-induced remodeling of plant cell fate.

          Plants as sessile organisms have remarkable developmental plasticity ensuring heir continuous adaptation to the environment. An extreme example is somatic embryogenesis, the initiation of autonomous embryo development in somatic cells in response to exogenous and/or endogenous signals. In this review I briefly overview the various pathways that can lead to embryo development in plants in addition to the fertilization of the egg cell and highlight the importance of the interaction of stress- and hormone-regulated pathways during the induction of somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis can be initiated in planta or in vitro, directly or indirectly, and the requirement for dedifferentiation as well as the way to achieve developmental totipotency in the various systems is discussed in light of our present knowledge. The initiation of all forms of the stress/hormone-induced in vitro as well as the genetically provoked in planta somatic embryogenesis requires extensive and coordinated genetic reprogramming that has to take place at the chromatin level, as the embryogenic program is under strong epigenetic repression in vegetative plant cells. Our present knowledge on chromatin-based mechanisms potentially involved in the somatic-to-embryogenic developmental transition is summarized emphasizing the potential role of the chromatin to integrate stress, hormonal, and developmental pathways leading to the activation of the embryogenic program. The role of stress-related chromatin reorganization in the genetic instability of in vitro cultures is also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stress as a fundamental theme in cell plasticity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rarv
                Revista Árvore
                Rev. Árvore
                Sociedade de Investigações Florestais (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                0100-6762
                1806-9088
                2017
                : 41
                : 5
                : e410502
                Affiliations
                [4] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil aclaudia5@ 123456hotmail.com
                [5] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Florestal Brazil gallo.florestal@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil lucianacm2005@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [3] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Brazil xavier@ 123456ufv.br
                [6] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Brazil wcotoni@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0100-67622017000500202 S0100-6762(17)04100500202
                10.1590/1806-90882017000500002
                fdf52e2e-7b02-47ab-a442-12ccb0e72a3e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 February 2017
                : 07 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                Somatic embryogenesis,Embriogênese somática,Micropropagação,Propagação in vitro,In vitro propagation,Micropropagation

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