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      Management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Rhineland-Palatinate hospitals of all levels of care : Results of the COVID-19 Registry RLP Translated title: Management der COVID-19-Pandemie in Rheinland-Pfalz Beteiligung von Krankenhäusern aller Versorgungsebenen : Ergebnisse des COVID-19-Registers RLP

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          Abstract

          The COVID-19 pandemic placed a significant burden on the German healthcare system. Based on the experience of severe disease progression of the SARS-CoV‑2 infection from neighboring European countries in the early 2020s, with ICU overload and high mortality rates, efforts were made in Germany to increase the capacity of available ICU beds. Subsequently, all documentation and reporting focused on the ICU capacities for COVID-19 patients. It was hypothesized that mainly a few large hospitals provided care for the majority of COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 Registry RLP of Rhineland-Palatinate documented SARS-CoV‑2 inpatients from daily mandatory queries of all hospitals throughout the pandemic from April 2020 to March 2023, distinguishing between patients in ICUs and normal wards. In its 18th Corona Ordinance, the state government required all hospitals to participate in the care of SARS-CoV‑2 inpatients. We investigated the participation of hospitals at different levels of care in Rhineland-Palatinate in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nine pandemic waves were documented during the pandemic and exemplary data on the respective pandemic peaks were evaluated. A distinction was made between the burden on hospitals at different levels of care: primary care hospitals, standard care hospitals, specialty hospitals, and maximal care hospitals. Analysis of the data showed that all hospital types participated equally in the care of SARS-CoV-2 patients. The requirement of the Ministry of Health of Rhineland-Palatinate to provide at least 20% of the available capacity was met by all levels of care and there were no disparities between hospitals of different levels of care in the management of the pandemic.

          Hospitals at all levels of care participated equally in the care of SARS-CoV‑2 inpatients and thus contributed significantly to the management of the pandemic in Rhineland-Palatinate.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version of this article (10.1007/s00059-023-05187-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Translated abstract

          Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellte eine erhebliche Belastung für das deutsche Gesundheitssystem dar. Aufgrund der Erfahrungen schwerer Krankheitsverläufe der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion aus europäischen Nachbarländern Anfang des Jahres 2020 mit Überlastungen der Intensivstationen und einer hohen Sterblichkeit wurden in Deutschland Anstrengungen unternommen, die Kapazitäten zur Verfügung stehender Intensivbetten zu erhöhen. Sämtliche Dokumentationen sowie die Berichterstattungen konzentrierten sich fortan auf die für die COVID-19-Patienten genutzten und frei verfügbaren Intensivkapazitäten. Dabei wurde wiederholt die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass wenige große Krankenhäuser die Mehrzahl der COVID-19-Patienten versorgt hätten. Das COVID-19-Register des Bundeslandes Rheinland-Pfalz (RLP) hat über die gesamte Pandemiedauer von April 2020 bis März 2023 die stationären SARS-CoV-2-Patienten in täglichen verpflichtenden Abfragen aller Krankenhäuser dokumentiert, differenziert auch zwischen Patienten auf Intensivstationen und Normalstationen. Die Landesregierung hatte in ihrer 18. Corona-Verordnung alle Krankenhäuser zur Beteiligung an der Versorgung der stationären SARS-CoV-2 Patienten verpflichtet. Wir haben die Beteiligung der Krankenhäuser der unterschiedlichen Versorgungsstufen in Rheinland-Pfalz an der Bewältigung der COVID-19-Pandemie untersucht. Es wurden insgesamt 9 Pandemiewellen über den Gesamtzeitraum der Pandemie dokumentiert und exemplarische Daten zu den jeweiligen Pandemieapitzen wurden ausgewertet. Dabei wurde zwischen der Belastung der Krankenhäuser unterschiedlicher Versorgungsstufen unterschieden: Krankenhäuser der Regelversorgung, Krankenhäuser der Grundversorgung, Schwerpunktkrankenhäuser und Krankenhäuser der Maximalversorgung. Die Auswertung der Daten zeigte, dass alle Krankenhaustypen proportional in gleicher Weise an der Versorgung der SARS-CoV-2 Patienten teilgenommen hatten. Die Vorgabe des Gesundheitsministerium von RLP, mindestens 20 % der verfügbaren Kapazitäten zur Verfügung zu stellen, wurde von allen Versorgungsklassen eingehalten, und es gab keine Ungleichverteilungen im Management der Pandemie. Krankenhäuser aller Versorgungsstufen haben gleichermaßen an der Versorgung der stationären SARS-CoV-2-Patienten teilgenommen und damit maßgeblich zum Management der Pandemie in Rheinland-Pfalz beigetragen.

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          Krankenhaus-Report 2022

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            The COVID-19 Registry in Rhineland-Palatinate in the context of international registry activities documenting COVID-19 outcomes

            Rationale of COVID-19 registries The global spread of Coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020 and is currently posing major challenges for health care systems around the world . Besides the planning of intensive care resources, the lack of evidence-based therapy options is a particular problem for the treating physicians. General statements on the typical course of SARS-CoV‑2 infection cannot be made reliably at present. Disease patterns are unspecific, diverse, and vary widely, from asymptomatic courses to severe complications, such as pneumonia with lung failure, cardiovascular and cerebral manifestations, and ultimately death. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath as well as neurological and cardiac manifestations [1]. Risk groups are mainly older people (with a steadily increasing risk of severe courses from above 50–60 years of age), smokers, and patients with certain pre-existing conditions (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and weakened immune system [2, 3]). Therefore, standardized and coordinated data collection on a large scale is of pivotal importance to learn about the natural course of the disease, to accelerate knowledge on the role of pre-existing comorbidities in the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify factors associated with outcomes. Planned and already enrolling COVID-19 registry activities in Germany and Europe There are a plethora of planned and ongoing activities documenting the COVID-19 disease patterns using chart reviews or collecting prospective data. In Germany, many professional medical societies are currently planning or setting up registries for COVID-19 patients with different focuses on disease patterns and specific pre-existing conditions in their scientific fields, e.g., in patients with rheumatic diseases (DGRh—Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie e. V.) or in patients with renal diseases (DGfN—Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nephrologie). In addition, large private hospital groups such as HELIOS announced data collection and analysis of COVID-19 patients in their hospitals. Most of these activities are in a planning stage and little information is available in the public domain to date. Currently, three large-scale prospective data collections are already ongoing: the international LEOSS registry (Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV‑2 Infected Patients), the CAPACITY-COVID registry (registry of patients with COVID-19 including cardiovascular risk and complications), and the German COVID-19-RLP-Registry. Both LEOSS and CAPACITY-COVID have received support by national and international professional organizations; the CAPACITY-COVID registry was started in The Netherlands and recently endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for international enrolment. Study designs, objectives, and planned outcome analyses are summarized in Table 1. The expert committees of COVID-19-RLP, LEOSS, and CAPACITY-COVID have exchanged their codebooks to ensure consistency and comparability of data collection. Data collection of the ongoing activities is an extension of the Case Record Form (CRF) that was released by the ISARIC (International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium) and the WHO for data collection in the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuring comparability of data but focusing on specific aspects of the disease. Due to the prospective design of COVID-19-RLP and CAPACITY-COVID with patients’ informed consent both registries have planned short- and mid-term follow-ups of the enrolled patients (Table 1). Table 1 Current initiatives enrolling hospitalized COVID-19 patients Registry COVID-19-RLP LEOSS CAPACITY-COVID [4] Initiated/Run by IHF, Germany DZIF, Germany UMC Utrecht, Netherlands Involved specialties Cardiology/Internal Medicine Neurology/Psychosomatic Medicine Infectious Diseases (inviting all other specialties for participation in LEOSS.deep) Cardiology Participating countries Germany EU countries EU countries Study type Observational disease registry (cross-sectional/longitudinal) Observational disease registry/survey (cross-sectional) Observational disease registry (cross-sectional/longitudinal) Inclusion criteria Inpatients with confirmed SARS-CoV‑2 infection Inpatients with confirmed SARS-CoV‑2 infection Inpatients with highly suspected/confirmed with SARS-CoV-2-infection; ≥18 years Status Recruiting Recruiting Recruiting Outcome measures In-hospital outcome with specific focus on cardiovascular, neurological complications In-hospital outcome In-hospital outcome with specific focus on cardiovascular complications Follow-up Planned at 30 days and 3 months with specific focus on cardiovascular, neurological, mental health, and psychosocial complications None Planned at 7 and 30 days with specific focus on cardiovascular complications IHF Institut für Herzinfarktforschung Ludwigshafen, DZIF Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, UMC University Medical Center Utrecht COVID-19-RLP The aim of COVID-19-RLP is to document all consecutive patients undergoing in-hospital treatment in Rhineland-Palatinate hospitals for a SARS-CoV‑2 infection. Target variables are the clinical status at admission, pre-existing conditions, laboratory parameters, therapeutic strategies, and the course of the disease. The primary objectives are (a) to characterize patients with SARS-CoV‑2 infection requiring in-hospital treatment in Rhineland-Palatinate, (b) to describe the current therapeutic strategies, (c) to document the complications (with a special focus on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events) and mortality of SARS-CoV‑2 infection, and (d) to develop a risk stratification for severe disease progression, which could potentially contribute to a prediction of the need for ventilation and thus to better planning of resources. The study is supported by the Ministry of Social Affairs, Labor, Health, and Demography of Rhineland-Palatinate and conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association—Declaration of Helsinki—Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects and approved by the ethics committee of the Landesärztekammer Rheinland-Pfalz. The study is registered at ClincialTrials.gov (NCT04335188). Eligible for enrolment are all patients with confirmed SARS-CoV‑2 infection undergoing in-hospital treatment. A total of 84 hospitals in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany treating patients with SARS-CoV‑2 infection are eligible for participation and have started enrolment on April 6, 2020. All data collected are web-based using the software solution EBogen©. During documentation, plausibility and completeness checks are generated immediately. All data are transferred with SSL encryption standard and stored on a server of the Institut für Herzinfarktforschung Ludwigshafen (IHF). Descriptive statistics on the registry population, the applied therapeutic measures, and the clinical course will be generated. Subgroup analyses for risk stratification are planned and defined in a detailed statistical analysis plan. Perspective Despite the current additional significant workload of clinically active physicians involved in the care of patients of the COVID-19 pandemic, different groups have put a lot of effort into the initiation of a number of prospective planned registry studies to better understand the natural course of this new infectious disease. Scientific collaborations are already planned and should be continued to ensure data consistency and comparability. We look forward to obtaining additional data on the short- and mid-term course of the disease with prospective follow-ups of hospital survivors in the COVID-19-RLP as well as in the CAPACITY-COVID registries with specific focus on cardiovascular and neurological outcomes. COVID-19-RLP in addition will also collect data on the yet-unknown consequences for mental health and the psychosocial outcomes of survivors of COVID-19.
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              Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie auf die Krankenhausleistungen im Jahr 2020

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                gitta@klilu.de , gitt@stiftung-ihf.de
                Journal
                Herz
                Herz
                Herz
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                0340-9937
                1615-6692
                8 May 2023
                : 1-6
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.413225.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 8793, Medizinische Klinik B, , Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen / Rhein, ; Ludwigshafen, Germany
                [2 ]GRID grid.488379.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0402 5184, Stiftung Institut für Herzinfarktforschung, ; Bremser Str. 79, 67063 Ludwigshafen, Germany
                [3 ]GRID grid.488379.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0402 5184, Institut für Herzinfarktforschung GmbH, ; Ludwigshafen, Germany
                Article
                5187
                10.1007/s00059-023-05187-1
                10166456
                fc8a988a-d318-45c5-aa12-e467bf74e749
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2023

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 20 April 2023
                Categories
                Main Topic

                sars-cov‑2,inpatients,hospitalization,intensive care unit,hospital bed capacity,sars-cov‑2 ,stationär versorgte patienten,hospitalisierung,intensivstation,krankenhausbettenkapazität

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