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      Garra dos líderes e capital psicológico dos liderados: Uma exploração concetual de condições moderadoras Translated title: Leaders’ grit and followers psychological capital: Exploring moderating conditions

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          Abstract

          A garra (termo aqui traduzido de grit ) tem sido encarada como crucial para o sucesso dos indivíduos e a eficácia dos líderes, embora alguns autores não sustentem essa tese. A investigação empírica é escassa e pouco conclusiva. Um possível caminho para melhor compreender este construto passa por considerar condições moderadoras. Aqui discutimos três dessas condições: (1) garra veiculada pelo líder versus garra autoatribuída; (2) humildade expressa pelo líder; (3) apoio social expresso pelo líder. O modelo concetual argumenta que o líder que veicula mais garra perante os liderados desenvolve o capital psicológico destes, mas esse efeito é mitigado, ou mesmo anulado, se o líder for desprovido de humildade e não facultar apoio social aos liderados. Distintamente, o líder estimula o capital psicológico dos liderados se, além de veicular garra, também expressar humildade e apoio social aos liderados.

          Translated abstract

          While it has been argued that grit (i.e., passion and perseverance for long-term goals) is crucial to the success of individuals and the effectiveness of leaders, some authors do not espouse such a perspective. Empirical research is scarce and inconclusive. We argue that, to better understand this construct, studies should include moderating conditions. We discuss three conditions: (1) conveyed leader grit versus self-attributed grit; (2) humility expressed by the leader; (3) social support expressed by the leader. In accordance with our conceptual model, (a) a leader who conveys high level of grit toward employees develop their psychological capital, (b) although this effect is mitigated or even nullified if the leader is devoid of humility and does not provide social support to employees. Distinctly, the leader fosters employees’ psychological capital if, in addition to convey a high level of grit, he also expresses humility and social support toward employees.

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          The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.

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            Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals.

            The importance of intellectual talent to achievement in all professional domains is well established, but less is known about other individual differences that predict success. The authors tested the importance of 1 noncognitive trait: grit. Defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, grit accounted for an average of 4% of the variance in success outcomes, including educational attainment among 2 samples of adults (N=1,545 and N=690), grade point average among Ivy League undergraduates (N=138), retention in 2 classes of United States Military Academy, West Point, cadets (N=1,218 and N=1,308), and ranking in the National Spelling Bee (N=175). Grit did not relate positively to IQ but was highly correlated with Big Five Conscientiousness. Grit nonetheless demonstrated incremental predictive validity of success measures over and beyond IQ and conscientiousness. Collectively, these findings suggest that the achievement of difficult goals entails not only talent but also the sustained and focused application of talent over time. (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved.
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              Construal-level theory of psychological distance.

              People are capable of thinking about the future, the past, remote locations, another person's perspective, and counterfactual alternatives. Without denying the uniqueness of each process, it is proposed that they constitute different forms of traversing psychological distance. Psychological distance is egocentric: Its reference point is the self in the here and now, and the different ways in which an object might be removed from that point-in time, in space, in social distance, and in hypotheticality-constitute different distance dimensions. Transcending the self in the here and now entails mental construal, and the farther removed an object is from direct experience, the higher (more abstract) the level of construal of that object. Supporting this analysis, research shows (a) that the various distances are cognitively related to each other, (b) that they similarly influence and are influenced by level of mental construal, and (c) that they similarly affect prediction, preference, and action. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                psi
                Psicologia
                Psicologia
                Associação Portuguesa de Psicologia (APP); Edições Colibri (Lisboa, , Portugal )
                0874-2049
                August 2020
                : 34
                : 1
                : 1-12
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Católica Portuguesa orgdiv1Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia orgdiv2Centro de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento Humano Portugal
                [04] orgnameNova School of Business and Economics Portugal
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Católica Portuguesa orgdiv1Centro Regional do Porto Portugal
                [01] orgnameCatólica Porto Business School Portugal
                Article
                S0874-20492020000100001 S0874-2049(20)03400100001
                10.17575/psicologia.v34i1.1435
                fa9dcb77-6026-4f86-866f-9f5948b8974b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : December 2018
                : July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 85, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Portugal


                garra (grit),social support,apoio social,psychological capital,Liderança,humildade,garra veiculada versus garra autoatribuída,capital psicológico,Leadership,grit,conveyed leader grit leader versus self-attributed grit,humility

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