Does innovation in Environmental Technologies Curb CO2 Emissions? Evidence From Advanced Time Series Techniques

This study investigates the impact of environmental innovation, de jure trade globalization, renewable energy consumption and financial development on CO ₂ emissions in the United States (US) under the Environment Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC). To do this, yearly data from 1971 to 2018 is employed using the novel Augmented ARDL (AARDL) and Gradual Shift causality for empirical analysis. The empirical outcomes from the AARDL test disclosed cointegration between variables. The long-run empirical estimation revealed that environmental innovation is contributing to CO ₂ mitigation. Also, environmental innovation helps to develop the EKC between economic growth and CO ₂. Apart from this, environmental innovation Granger causes economic growth and CO ₂. Additionally, financial development is positively connected with CO ₂, while renewable energy alleviates emissions levels. The study also found a negative association between de jure trade globalization and CO ₂ emissions only in the short run. Based on the empirical results, this study suggests that the US should enhance innovation in environmental technologies and, at the same time, make policies to accelerate de jure trade globalization to achieve climate-related goals.