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      The ecology of languages Translated title: A ecologia das línguas

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          Abstract

          This paper discusses the life-cycle of languages: languages die, new languages are born, and languages undergo radical changes in form and structure. This paper considers three changes in the history of English: loss of split genitives, introduction of new inflectional categories, and loss of verb movement. The proposal is that these changes are the result of children's reanalysis during language acquisition, based on the interaction between primary linguistic data and universal grammar. These processes of I-language reanalysis lead to the gradual emergence of new E-languages.

          Translated abstract

          Este artigo discute o ciclo de vidas das línguas. Algumas línguas morrem, outras nascem e outras sofrem profundas mudanças na forma e na estrutura. Consideraremos aqui três mudanças na história do Inglês: perda de genitivo cindido, introdução de novas categorias flexionais e perda de movimento do verbo. De acordo com a nossa proposta, essas mudanças são resultado de reanálise durante o processo de acquisição devido à interação entre os dados lingüísticos primários e a gramática universal. Esses processos de reanálise na linguagem conduzem o nascimento gradual de novas línguas.

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          When Languages Die

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            Children creating core properties of language: evidence from an emerging sign language in Nicaragua.

            A new sign language has been created by deaf Nicaraguans over the past 25 years, providing an opportunity to observe the inception of universal hallmarks of language. We found that in their initial creation of the language, children analyzed complex events into basic elements and sequenced these elements into hierarchically structured expressions according to principles not observed in gestures accompanying speech in the surrounding language. Successive cohorts of learners extended this procedure, transforming Nicaraguan signing from its early gestural form into a linguistic system. We propose that this early segmentation and recombination reflect mechanisms with which children learn, and thereby perpetuate, language. Thus, children naturally possess learning abilities capable of giving language its fundamental structure.
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              How New Languages Emerge

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                delta
                DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada
                DELTA
                Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-4450
                1678-460X
                2007
                : 23
                : spe
                : 17-41
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameGeorgetown University
                Article
                S0102-44502007000300004 S0102-4450(07)02300004
                f671bb9a-388a-40f5-88fc-ebaddd547a94

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 25
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                SciELO Brazil

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                history of english,language acquisition,language change,sintaxe,história do inglês,acquisição,mudança lingüística,syntax

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