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      • Record: found
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      Is Open Access

      Effects of the Hazardous Area Response Team Training Program on the Knowledge and Confidence in Operational Skills of Prehospital Emergency Medical Personnel in Thailand: A Quasi-Experimental Study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Hazardous areas are places emitting hazardous materials, terrorist- or war-related, which lead to public health risks in developed and developing countries globally. Hence, prehospital emergency medical personnel who work as frontliners should be trained.

          Patients and Methods

          Data via pretest, posttest, and questionnaire surveys regarding the HART’s knowledge of and confidence in operational skills were collected using the 5-point Likert scale. The cohort included prehospital emergency medical personnel aged >18 years. The training program comprised lectures, practicals, and examinations and included three subcourses: emergency medicine in the chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear hazardous area (EM-CBRN) course; Thailand Tactical Emergency Medical Service (TTEMS) course; and cooperation and preparation for disaster (CPD) course.

          Results

          The HART’s mean multiple choice question (MCQ) posttest knowledge score (12.80±3.11) was significantly higher ( p<0.001) than the mean pretest knowledge score (7.74±3.71) for the EM-CBRN course. The HART’s mean MCQ posttest knowledge score (24.04±2.79) was significantly higher ( p<0.001) than the mean pretest knowledge score (14.34±3.92) for the TTEMS course. Further, the HART’s mean MCQ posttest knowledge score (21.03±3.49) was significantly higher ( p<0.001) than the mean pretest knowledge score (14.40±5.08) for the CPD course. The HART’s mean confidence in operational skill score for the EM-CBRN course was significantly higher ( p<0.001) after training (4.45±0.59) than before training (2.77±0.90). The HART’s mean confidence in operational skill score for the TTEMS course was significantly higher ( p<0.001) after training (4.55±0.59) than before training (2.78±0.98). The HART’s mean confidence in operational skill score for the CPD course was significantly higher ( p<0.001) after training (4.70±0.41) than before training (3.03±0.90).

          Conclusion

          The HART training program significantly affected the HART’s knowledge development and confidence in operational skills, particularly the frontline prehospital emergency medical personnel. Therefore, prehospital emergency medical personnel should undergo training, and learning activities must be developed to reinforce capacity and improve knowledge and confidence.

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          Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

          Jacob Cohen (2013)
          <i>Statistical Power Analysis</i> is a nontechnical guide to power analysis in research planning that provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis. The Second Edition includes: <br> * a chapter covering power analysis in set correlation and multivariate methods;<br> * a chapter considering effect size, psychometric reliability, and the efficacy of "qualifying" dependent variables and;<br> * expanded power and sample size tables for multiple regression/correlation.<br>
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            Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective.

            Albert Bandura (2001)
            The capacity to exercise control over the nature and quality of one's life is the essence of humanness. Human agency is characterized by a number of core features that operate through phenomenal and functional consciousness. These include the temporal extension of agency through intentionality and forethought, self-regulation by self-reactive influence, and self-reflectiveness about one's capabilities, quality of functioning, and the meaning and purpose of one's life pursuits. Personal agency operates within a broad network of sociostructural influences. In these agentic transactions, people are producers as well as products of social systems. Social cognitive theory distinguishes among three modes of agency: direct personal agency, proxy agency that relies on others to act on one's behest to secure desired outcomes, and collective agency exercised through socially coordinative and interdependent effort. Growing transnational embeddedness and interdependence are placing a premium on collective efficacy to exercise control over personal destinies and national life.
            Article 0 comments Cited 1126 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              The Global Food System as a Transport Pathway for Hazardous Chemicals: The Missing Link between Emissions and Exposure

              Carla A Ng, Natalie von Goetz (2016)
              Background: Food is a major pathway for human exposure to hazardous chemicals. The modern food system is becoming increasingly complex and globalized, but models for food-borne exposure typically assume locally derived diets or use concentrations directly measured in foods without accounting for food origin. Such approaches may not reflect actual chemical intakes because concentrations depend on food origin, and representative analysis is seldom available. Processing, packaging, storage, and transportation also impart different chemicals to food and are not yet adequately addressed. Thus, the link between environmental emissions and realistic human exposure is effectively broken. Objectives: We discuss the need for a fully integrated treatment of the modern industrialized food system, and we propose strategies for using existing models and relevant supporting data sources to track chemicals during production, processing, packaging, storage, and transport. Discussion: Fate and bioaccumulation models describe how chemicals distribute in the environment and accumulate through local food webs. Human exposure models can use concentrations in food to determine body burdens based on individual or population characteristics. New models now include the impacts of processing and packaging but are far from comprehensive. We propose to close the gap between emissions and exposure by utilizing a wider variety of models and data sources, including global food trade data, processing, and packaging models. Conclusions: A comprehensive approach that takes into account the complexity of the modern global food system is essential to enable better prediction of human exposure to chemicals in food, sound risk assessments, and more focused risk abatement strategies. Citation: Ng CA, von Goetz N. 2017. The global food system as a transport pathway for hazardous chemicals: the missing link between emissions and exposure. Environ Health Perspect 125:1–7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP168
              Article 0 comments Cited 34 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Access Emerg Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Open Access Emerg Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): oaem
                Title: Open Access Emergency Medicine : OAEM
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1179-1500
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 December 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 15
                Pages: 447-456
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Disaster and Emergency Medical Operation, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Navamindradhiraj University , Bangkok, Thailand
                [2 ]Division of Emergency Medical Service and Disaster, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University , Bangkok, Thailand
                [3 ]Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University , Bangkok, Thailand
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Rapeeporn Rojsaengroeng, Tel +66 2443000, Email rapeeporn@nmu.ac.th
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-6652
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-4436
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-3925
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7365-3948
                Article
                Publisher ID: 436054
                DOI: 10.2147/OAEM.S436054
                PMC ID: 10729060
                PubMed ID: 38116248
                SO-VID: f5281154-bcee-4602-b49d-5c4401a329e0
                Copyright © © 2023 Huabbangyang et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 18 August 2023
                Date accepted : 09 December 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 4, References: 22, Pages: 10
                Funding
                Funded by: Navamindradhiraj University;
                The study was funded by Navamindradhiraj University who played no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, or writing the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                Keywords: education,emergency medical service,hazardous substances,knowledge,prehospital emergency care
                Data availability:
                Keywords: education, emergency medical service, hazardous substances, knowledge, prehospital emergency care

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