Influence of Body Composition on Functional Movement Among Police Officers

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Abstract

Research indicates that the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) can be used to measure functional movement quality and characterize musculoskeletal injury risk in tactical populations. Although body composition has been linked to chronic disease in police officers, the link between body composition and functional movement quality has not been explored in this population. As such, the purposes of the study were to examine: (a) the effect of body mass index (BMI) on functional movement, and (b) determine the significance of fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) in predicting functional movement among active-duty police officers. Thirty-five active- duty police officers (31 male, 4 female; mean ±SD, age: 33.4 ±9.4 years, height: 177.4 ± 8.0 cm, weight: 88.4 ± 15.3 kg) were recruited to participate in this study, as part of a larger study on police fitness. All demographic data, BMI, FM, FFM, and FMS composite score (FMS CS) were obtained over two data collection sessions. With age held as a significant covariate, the results of the one-way ANCOVA revealed no significant effect of BMI category on FMS CS ( p = 0.077). The linear regression analysis results suggest that FM and FFM contributed 36.9% variance in FMS CS while controlling for age ( p < 0.001). FM was a significant individual predictor of FMS CS ( p < 0.001), while FFM was not a significant individual predictor of FMS CS ( p = 0.111). The current results reinforce the importance of police officers body composition management for health and functional movement quality across a career.

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Most cited references 49

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Body Mass Index

Frank Q Nuttall (2015)

The body mass index (BMI) is the metric currently in use for defining anthropometric height/weight characteristics in adults and for classifying (categorizing) them into groups. The common interpretation is that it represents an index of an individual’s fatness. It also is widely used as a risk factor for the development of or the prevalence of several health issues. In addition, it is widely used in determining public health policies.The BMI has been useful in population-based studies by virtue of its wide acceptance in defining specific categories of body mass as a health issue. However, it is increasingly clear that BMI is a rather poor indicator of percent of body fat. Importantly, the BMI also does not capture information on the mass of fat in different body sites. The latter is related not only to untoward health issues but to social issues as well. Lastly, current evidence indicates there is a wide range of BMIs over which mortality risk is modest, and this is age related. All of these issues are discussed in this brief review.

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Ethical Issues Relating to Scientific Discovery in Exercise Science

JAMES W. NAVALTA, WHITLEY J. STONE, T. SCOTT LYONS (2020)

This work aims to present concepts related to ethical issues in conducting and reporting scientific research in a clear and straightforward manner. Considerations around research design including authorship, sound research practices, non-discrimination in subject recruitment, objectivity, respect for intellectual property, and financial interests are detailed. Further, concepts relating to the conducting of research including the competency of the researcher, conflicts of interest, accurately representing data, and ethical practices in human and animal research are presented. Attention pertaining to the dissemination of research including plagiarism, duplicate submission, redundant publication, and figure manipulation is offered. Other considerations including responsible mentoring, respect for colleagues, and social responsibility are set forth. The International Journal of Exercise Science will now require a statement in all subsequent published manuscripts that the authors have complied with each of the ethics statements contained in this work.

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The Functional Movement Screen: a reliability study.

Deydre S Teyhen, Scott W Shaffer, Chelsea L Lorenson … (2012)

Reliability study. To determine intrarater test-retest and interrater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) among novice raters. The FMS is used by various examiners to assess movement and predict time-loss injuries in diverse populations (eg, youth to professional athletes, firefighters, military service members) of active participants. Unfortunately, critical analysis of the reliability of the FMS is currently limited to 1 sample of active college-age participants. Sixty-four active-duty service members (mean ± SD age, 25.2 ± 3.8 years; body mass index, 25.1 ± 3.1 kg/m2) without a history of injury were enrolled. Participants completed the 7 component tests of the FMS in a counterbalanced order. Each component test was scored on an ordinal scale (0 to 3 points), resulting in a composite score ranging from 0 to 21 points. Intrarater test-retest reliability was assessed between baseline scores and those obtained with repeated testing performed 48 to 72 hours later. Interrater reliability was based on the assessment from 2 raters, selected from a pool of 8 novice raters, who assessed the same movements on day 2 simultaneously. Descriptive statistics, weighted kappa (κw), and percent agreement were calculated on component scores. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of the measurement, minimal detectable change (MDC95), and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated on composite scores. The average ± SD score on the FMS was 15.7 ± 0.2 points, with 15.6% (n = 10) of the participants scoring less than or equal to 14 points, the recommended cutoff for predicting time-loss injuries. The intrarater test-retest and interrater reliability of the FMS composite score resulted in an ICC3,1 of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.85) and an ICC2,1 of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.83), respectively. The standard error of the measurement of the composite test was within 1 point, and the MDC95 values were 2.1 and 2.5 points on the 21-point scale for interrater and intrarater reliability, respectively. The interrater agreement of the component scores ranged from moderate to excellent (κw = 0.45-0.82). Among novice raters, the FMS composite score demonstrated moderate to good interrater and intrarater reliability, with acceptable levels of measurement error. The measures of reliability and measurement error were similar for both intrarater reliability that repeated the assessment of the movement patterns over a 48-to-72-hour period and interrater reliability that had 2 raters assess the same movement pattern simultaneously. The interrater agreement of the FMS component scores was good to excellent for the push-up, quadruped, shoulder mobility, straight leg raise, squat, hurdle, and lunge. Only 15.6% (n = 10) of the participants were identified to be at risk for injury based on previously published cutoff values.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Exerc Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Exerc Sci

Title: International Journal of Exercise Science

Publisher: Berkeley Electronic Press

ISSN (Electronic): 1939-795X

Publication date Collection: 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 01 March 2024

Volume: 17

Issue: 4

Pages: 418-428

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, USA

[2 ]Department Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

[3 ]Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

[4 ]Department of Athletic Training, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, USA

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Denotes graduate student author

[‡]

Denotes professional author

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Publisher ID: ijes-17-4-418

PMC ID: 11042851

PubMed ID: 38665861

SO-VID: f3aa34cf-13fe-467c-b4ec-de8fafe166cd

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All published work by IJES is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Influence of Body Composition on Functional Movement Among Police Officers

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Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 49

Body Mass Index

Ethical Issues Relating to Scientific Discovery in Exercise Science

The Functional Movement Screen: a reliability study.

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