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      Exposure to intimate partner violence and malnutrition among young adult Bangladeshi women: cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample Translated title: Exposição à violência entre parceiros íntimos e desnutrição entre mulheres jovens de Bangladesh: um estudo transversal de uma amostra nacional representativa Translated title: Exposición a la violencia doméstica y malnutrición entre mujeres adultas jóvenes bangladesíes: estudio transversal de una muestra representativa nacionalmente

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          Abstract

          Abstract: This study explores the relationship between malnutrition and intimate partner violence (IPV) among 1,086 young adult Bangladeshi women aged 15-24 years using a cross-sectional data from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS). About one-third (33.4%) young adult women experienced physical and/or sexual IPV, 14.5% experienced only sexual IPV and 29% experienced only physical IPV by husbands. About 32.6% young adult women were reported as being underweight (BMI < 18.5) and 6.2% were overweight (BMI ≥ 25). Underweight women experienced more physical IPV (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.09-2.71) and physical and/or sexual IPV (OR = 1.48; 95%CI: 1.12-2.75) than normal range women. Results also indicate a positive association between being overweight/obese and all the forms of IPV. The study findings indicate that the IPV experience plays a significant role in underweight and overweight/obese young adult women and support that younger women’s health and nutrition program and policies need to address IPV.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: O estudo explora as relações entre desnutrição e violência entre parceiros íntimos (VPI) em uma amostra de 1.086 mulheres adultas jovens (15-24 anos) de Bangladesh, usando dados transversais do Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) de 2007. Cerca de um terço (33,4%) dessas mulheres relataram terem sofrido VPI física e/ou sexual, 14,5% apenas VPI sexual e 29% apenas VPI física praticada pelo marido. Cerca de 32,6% das mulheres adultas jovens eram desnutridas (IMC < 18,5), enquanto 6,2% apresentavam sobrepeso (IMC ≥ 25). As mulheres com baixo peso sofriam mais VPI física (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,09-2,71) e VPI física e/ou sexual (OR = 1,48; IC95%: 1,12-2,75) quando comparadas às mulheres eutróficas. Os resultados também indicam uma associação positiva entre sobrepeso/obesidade e todas as formas de VPI. Os achados indicam que a exposição à VPI tem um papel significativo na experiência das adultas jovens de baixo peso e com sobrepeso/obesidade e confirmam que são necessários programas e políticas nutricionais e de saúde para as mulheres jovens de Bangladesh.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: Este estudio explora la relación entre la malnutrición y violencia doméstica (IPV por sus siglas en inglés) entre 1.086 mujeres adultas jóvenes bangladesíes, con una edad entre 15-24 años, usando datos de un estudio transversal, procedentes del 2007 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS). Cerca de un tercio (33,4%) de las mujeres adultas jóvenes sufrieron violencia física y/o sexual IPV, 14,5% sufrieron sólo sexual IPV, y un 29% sufrieron sólo física IPV por parte de sus maridos. Cerca de un 32,6% de las mujeres adultas jóvenes se encontraban por debajo del peso ideal (IMC < 18,5) y un 6,2% tenían sobrepeso (BMI ≥ 25). Las mujeres con el peso por debajo del apropiado sufrían más violencia física IPV (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,09-2,71) y física y/o sexual IPV (OR = 1,48; IC95%: 1,12-2,75), en comparación con el rango normal de mujeres. Los resultados también indican una asociación positiva entre sufrir sobrepeso/obesidad y todas las formas de IPV. Los hallazgos del estudio indican que sufrir IPV tiene un papel significativo en el peso por debajo del peso ideal y con sobrepeso/obesas de las mujeres adultas jóvenes y el apoyo a salud de estas mujeres más jóvenes, que necesitan tanto programas de nutrición, como políticas especialmente dirigidas a mujeres que sufren violencia doméstica.

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          Most cited references21

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          Undernutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles.

          Previous analyses derived the relative risk (RR) of dying as a result of low weight-for-age and calculated the proportion of child deaths worldwide attributable to underweight. The objectives were to examine whether the risk of dying because of underweight varies by cause of death and to estimate the fraction of deaths by cause attributable to underweight. Data were obtained from investigators of 10 cohort studies with both weight-for-age category ( -1 SD) and cause of death information. All 10 studies contributed information on weight-for-age and risk of diarrhea, pneumonia, and all-cause mortality; however, only 6 studies contributed information on deaths because of measles, and only 3 studies contributed information on deaths because of malaria or fever. With use of weighted random effects models, we related the log mortality rate by cause and anthropometric status in each study to derive cause-specific RRs of dying because of undernutrition. Prevalences of each weight-for-age category were obtained from analyses of 310 national nutrition surveys. With use of the RR and prevalence information, we then calculated the fraction of deaths by cause attributable to undernutrition. The RR of mortality because of low weight-for-age was elevated for each cause of death and for all-cause mortality. Overall, 52.5% of all deaths in young children were attributable to undernutrition, varying from 44.8% for deaths because of measles to 60.7% for deaths because of diarrhea. A significant proportion of deaths in young children worldwide is attributable to low weight-for-age, and efforts to reduce malnutrition should be a policy priority.
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            Researching domestic violence against women: methodological and ethical considerations.

            The results of three population-based studies on violence against women in Nicaragua are compared in this article. Two of the studies were regional in scope (León and Managua) and focused specifically on women's experiences of violence, whereas the third study was a Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted with a nationally representative sample of women. The lifetime prevalence estimates for women's undergoing physical violence from a partner were significantly higher in the León study (52 percent) and Managua study (69 percent), compared with that given in the DHS (28 percent). Possible explanations for the differences are examined through pooled multivariate logistic regression analysis, as well as analysis of six focus-group discussions carried out with field-workers and staff from the three studies. The most important differences that were found concerned ethical and safety procedures and the interview setting. The results indicate that prevalence estimates for violence are highly sensitive to methodological factors, and that underreporting is a significant threat to validity.
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              Work stress, weight gain and weight loss: evidence for bidirectional effects of job strain on body mass index in the Whitehall II study.

              Previous research has focused on overall associations between work stress and body mass index (BMI) ignoring the possibility that stress may cause some people to eat less and lose weight and others to eat more. Using longitudinal data, we studied whether work stress induced weight loss in lean individuals and weight gain in overweight individuals. Prospective cohort study. A total of 7965 British civil servants (5547 men and 2418 women) aged 35-55 at study entry (The Whitehall II study). Work stress, indicated by the job strain model and measured as job control, job demands and job strain, was assessed at baseline and BMI at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. In men, the effect of job strain on weight gain and weight loss was dependent on baseline BMI (P 27 kg/m(2)), these stress indicators were associated with subsequent weight gain. No corresponding interaction was seen among women. Inconsistent findings reported by previous studies of stress and BMI have generally been interpreted to indicate the absence of an association. In light of our results, the possibility of differential effects of work stress should also be taken into account.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2018
                : 34
                : 7
                : e00113916
                Affiliations
                [1] Rajshahi Rajshahi Division orgnameUniversity of Rajshahi Bangladesh
                Article
                S0102-311X2018000705008 S0102-311X(18)03400705008
                10.1590/0102-311x00113916
                30088578
                f1fb13e1-2a17-4215-903d-0003e98c8e2f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 February 2018
                : 30 June 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)

                Índice de Massa Corporal,Body Weight,Intimate Partner Violence,Desnutrição,Peso Corporal,Body Mass Index,Malnutrition,Desnutrición,Violencia de Pareja,Índice de Masa Corporal,Violência por Parceiro Íntimo

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