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      Efeitos do exercício aeróbio durante a hemodiálise em pacientes com doença renal crônica: uma revisão da literatura Translated title: Effects of aerobic exercise during haemodialysis in patients with chronic renal disease: a literature review

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) têm capacidade física e funcional reduzida quando comparados à população geral. O tratamento hemodialítico torna as atividades desses pacientes restritas, favorecendo o estilo de vida sedentário e a limitação funcional. Pacientes em hemodiálise (HD) são menos ativos, apresentam baixa tolerância ao exercício e alto descondicionamento físico. Em virtude dessas alterações, têm sido propostos programas de exercício físico que visam não somente ao tratamento dos sinais clínicos da doença, mas de suas repercussões na função e na qualidade de vida. OBJETIVOS: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os efeitos do exercício físico em pacientes portadores de DRC submetidos a programas de exercício aeróbio em cicloergômetro para membros inferiores durante a HD. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas consultas às bases de dados Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Embase e ScienceDirect. RESULTADOS: Analisaram-se 14 estudos experimentais randomizados controlados, considerando o período de realização da intervenção na HD, a intensidade e a frequência do exercício, a duração da intervenção e os principais resultados. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos demonstraram que exercícios aeróbios realizados durante a HD promovem a melhora da capacidade aeróbia e o condicionamento físico, além de redução da fadiga e ansiedade, melhora da capilarização muscular e pressão arterial de repouso, aumento no tempo de duração dos exercícios e melhora na depuração da ureia.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have reduced physical and functional capacity when compared with the general population. Hemodialysis (HD) restricts patients activities, favoring a sedentary lifestyle and leading to functional limitations. HD patients are less active, present low exercise tolerance and have high physical deconditioning. Physical exercise programs have been proposed as a strategy not only to treat clinical symptoms, but also to reduce physical limitations and improve the quality of life of these patients. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the effects of physical exercise (aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer for the lower limbs) on CKD undergoing HD. METHODS: The Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Embase and DirectScience databases were searched. RESULTS: Fourteen randomized controlled clinical trials were analyzed as regards the timing of the intervention during the HD session, exercise intensity and frequency, the duration of the intervention and the main results. CONCLUSION: The studies demonstrated that aerobic exercises performed during HD improve the aerobic capacity and physical conditioning, reduce fatigue and anxiety, improve muscle capillarization and resting blood pressure, increase exercise duration and improve urea clearance.

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          Most cited references22

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          Doença renal crônica: definição, epidemiologia e classificação

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            Exercise during hemodialysis.

            In patients with end-stage renal failure physical exercise has beneficial effects on functional capacity, anemia, cardiovascular risks factors and on psychosocial problems. However, only few patients are able or willing to participate in an exercise training which is organised on an outpatient basis. As a consequence, an exercise program was developed which can be performed during hemodialysis. This program consists of a low intensity endurance training with a bed bicycle ergometer, gymnastics to increase muscular strength, flexibility and co-ordination and of relaxation techniques. An increasing number of studies show that this type of exercise training has comparable beneficial effects as an outpatient exercise rehabilitation program. In addition, exercise during hemodialysis increases the solute removal and thereby the efficiency of dialysis probably by an increased perfusion of skeletal muscles. Since 1995 this type of exercise training was implemented in about 200 German dialysis centers. The participation rate is much higher than in supervised outpatient rehabilitation programs as also elderly patients and patients with severe additional medical problems participate. Even in very old patients functional capacity is improved by exercise during dialysis. As a consequence, some patients do not need any longer professional help for the activity of daily living. Up to now no serious adverse effects or complications were induced by exercise during dialysis. This could be achieved as the patients are instructed and supervised by physiotherapists who have special knowledge and skills in renal exercise rehabilitation. Almost all patients can do some exercise during dialysis and therefore this is the most favourable type of exercise training for hemodialysis patients today.
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              The effects of a low-to-moderate intensity pre-conditioning exercise programme linked with exercise counseling for sedentary haemodialysis patients in The Netherlands: results of a randomized clinical trial

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jbn
                Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia
                J. Bras. Nefrol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (São Paulo )
                2175-8239
                June 2012
                : 34
                : 2
                : 189-194
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S0101-28002012000200013
                10.1590/S0101-28002012000200013
                22850922
                f1eec2f1-5537-43bc-9743-4bae59785342

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-2800&lng=en
                Categories
                UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

                Urology
                Exercise,Resistance training,Renal dialysis,Oxygen uptake,Fatigue,Exercício,Treinamento de resistência,Diálise renal,Consumo de oxigênio,Fadiga

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