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      What Can We Learn From Others to Develop a Regional Centre for Infectious Diseases in ASEAN? : Comment on "Operationalising Regional Cooperation for Infectious Disease Control: A Scoping Review of Regional Disease Control Bodies and Networks"

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          Abstract

          The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought the need for regional collaboration on disease prevention and control to the fore. The review by Durrance-Bagale et al offers insights on the enablers, barriers and lessons learned from the experience of various regional initiatives. Translating these lessons into action, however, remains a challenge. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) planned to establish a regional centre for disease control; however, many factors have slowed the realisation of these efforts. Going forward, regional initiatives should be able to address the complexity of emerging infectious diseases through a One Health approach, assess the social and economic impact of diseases on the region and study the real-world effectiveness of regional collaborations. The initiatives should seek to be inclusive of stakeholders including those from the private sector and should identify innovative measures for financing. This advancement will enable regions such as ASEAN to effectively prepare for the next pandemic.

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          Most cited references9

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          COVID-19 and the ASEAN responses: Comparison and analysis through policy science

          The World Health Organisation (WHO) announced the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. The pandemic has brought havoc globally as more than 190 countries and territories are affected as of 30 April 2030. COVID-19 crisis suggests that no country can deal with the pandemic alone. International cooperation including regional cooperation is essential for any country to survive COVID-19. We are particularly interested in Association of South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) cooperation and performance under COVID-19 because it has been one of the regions where regional cooperation on health security has been functioning based on lessons from SARS 2003 and H1N1 2009. The “One Vision, One Identity, One Community” of ASEAN has merits under COVID-19 response but remains invisible. The method encompasses analysis of published materials issued by and accessible from the ASEAN website, complemented with analysis for media articles including social media, supported by published academic journal articles. All of the authors have expertise on ASEAN policies in the field of health, disasters, and regional policy and planning. Some authors have also worked from various international organizations working on issues related to the ASEAN region. This paper aims to document and analyse how ASEAN member states respond to COVID-19. It asks how to cooperate under the One-ASEAN-One Response framework in the context of COVID-19. This paper also compares the 10 member states' policy responses to COVID-19 from January to April 2020. We utilise the framework of policy sciences to analyse the responses. We found that the early regional response was slow and lack of unity (January–February 2020). Extensive early measures taken by each member state are the key to the success to curb the spread of the virus. Although, during March and April 2020, ASEAN has reconvened and utilised its existing health regional mechanism to try to have a coherent response to COVID-19 impacts. Strengthening future collaboration should be implemented by recognizing that there is a more coherent, multi sectoral, multi stakeholders and whole-of-ASEAN Community approach in ensuring ASEAN's timely and effective response to the pandemic. Finally, we call for the COVID-19 recovery should allow for healthy, just, resilient and sustainable ASEAN.
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            Multi-country collaboration in responding to global infectious disease threats: lessons for Europe from the COVID-19 pandemic

            Since 2005, the world has faced several public health emergencies of international concern arising from infectious disease outbreaks. Of these, the COVID-19 pandemic has had by far the greatest health and economic consequences. During these emergencies, responses taken by one country often have an impact on other countries. The implication is that coordination between countries is likely to achieve better outcomes, individually and collectively, than each country independently pursuing its own self-interest. During the COVID-19 pandemic, gaps in multilateral cooperation on research and information sharing, vaccine development and deployment, and travel policies have hampered the speed and equity of global recovery. In this Health Policy article, we explore how multilateral collaboration between countries is crucial to successful responses to public health emergencies linked to infectious disease outbreaks. Responding to future global infectious disease threats and other health emergencies will require the creation of stronger mechanisms for multilateral collaboration before they arise. A change to the governance of multilateral institutions is a logical next step, with a focus on providing equal ownership and leadership opportunities to all member countries. Europe can be an example and advocate for stronger and better governed multilateral institutions.
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              Pandemic ( COVID ‐19) Policy, Regional Cooperation and the Emerging Global Production Network †

              In this paper, we explore the possible policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic shock as well as the related economic (financial crisis) shocks on trade and global value chains (GVC) in East Asia. We find that regional policy coordination is critical to mitigate and isolate the pandemic shock. It is important to identify the pandemic events early to flatten the pandemic curve at the national and regional level. This supports a recent study by the World Bank (2020), which highlights the importance of early mitigation policies during the pandemic shock. The cost of the pandemic and economic shocks will increase significantly when several countries in the region experience the pandemic shock concurrently. In this case, flattening the regional pandemic curve becomes important. The results also indicate the need for greater coordination in East Asia to mitigate the pending economic shock in terms of unemployment, corporate bankruptcy and financial market fragility. The paper also highlights that the stability of the GVC network is critical during the pandemic in terms of hedging the risk of disruptions to the procurement of critical medical and health products as well as maintaining service linkages to manufacturing, such as the logistics sector. Regional policy coordination and the stability of GVC will be valuable in the post‐pandemic recovery of the region.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Health Policy Manag
                Int J Health Policy Manag
                Kerman University of Medical Sciences
                International Journal of Health Policy and Management
                Kerman University of Medical Sciences
                2322-5939
                December 2022
                14 June 2022
                : 11
                : 12
                : 3141-3144
                Affiliations
                1Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
                2Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
                3Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
                4Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
                5School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
                6Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
                7HIV, Health and Development Team, United Nations Development Programme, Bangkok, Thailand.
                8Health Systems Research Institute (HSRI), Nonthaburi, Thailand.
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence to: Saudamini Vishwanath Dabak Email: saudamini.d@ 123456hitap.net
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-2930
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6161-6165
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-6065
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5629-9270
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-2065
                Article
                10.34172/ijhpm.2022.7281
                10105200
                35942957
                ed609749-45f8-4c82-96b3-1461e1e4dc19
                © 2022 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 25 March 2022
                : 23 May 2022
                Categories
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                covid-19,regional collaboration,pandemic preparedness

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