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      Call for Papers: Digital Platforms and Artificial Intelligence in Dementia

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      About Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders: 2.2 Impact Factor I 4.7 CiteScore I 0.809 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      About Cytogenetic and Genome Research: 1.7 Impact Factor I 3.1 CiteScore I 0.385 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Combined Carcinoid Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium: A Case Report and Survey of Related Literature

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Histologically, endometrial neuroendocrine carcinoma is an extremely rare pathological type of endometrial cancer. In addition, this type is characterized by high invasiveness and poor clinical outcome, which was classified into carcinoid (low grade), and small-cell and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (high grade). Globally, reports on endometrial carcinoid carcinoma are limited. Clinically, it is also rare to see primary squamous cell carcinoma of endometrium.

          Case Presentation

          Here, we report an interesting case of mixed carcinoma of endometrium with both carcinoid and squamous cell carcinoma, which presented with persistent vaginal bleeding and hyponatremia.

          Conclusion

          Careful pathologic review is necessary to diagnose this rare disease. More studies in the future are warranted to demonstrate the primary surgical treatments and the efficacy of adjuvant therapy of this disease.

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          Most cited references12

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          Pathology of Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Female Genital Tract

          Brooke E Howitt, Paul Kelly, W. McCluggage (2017)
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            Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Endometrium

            Cady E Pocrnich, Preetha Ramalingam, Elizabeth D Euscher … (2016)
            Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECa) of the endometrium is an uncommon tumor. In this study, we present the clinicopathologic features of 25 such cases. The patients ranged in age from 37 to 87 years (median, 57 y) and most commonly presented with vaginal bleeding. The tumors were either pure NECa (10) or mixed with other histotypes (15), most commonly endometrioid carcinoma. The NECas were large cell type (15), small cell type (4), or a mixture of both (6). NECa was underrecognized in 89% of referral/consultation cases. All tumors were positive for ≥1 neuroendocrine marker (chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56). Additional immunohistochemical (IHC) studies were obtained in 18 cases, with positive results as follows: keratin cocktail (17), diffuse p16 (6), PAX-8 (6), CD117 (6), and TTF-1 (1). Mismatch-repair protein expression by IHC was abnormal in 8 of 18 cases (6 MLH1/PMS2 loss; 1 MSH2/MSH6 loss; 1 MSH6 loss). According to FIGO staging, cases were distributed as follows: I (6), II (2), III (10), and IV (7). All patients underwent surgical treatment, and 20 patients received adjuvant therapy. Twelve patients died of disease (mean survival 12.3 mo). Eleven patients were alive 5 to 134 months after diagnosis, including 7 who achieved a 5-year survival (3 stage I; 4 stage III). In summary, most of our endometrial NECas were large cell type, mixed with other histotypes, and underrecognized. These tumors tend to be PAX-8 negative and may be associated with microsatellite instability. The recognition of NECa may have an impact on the treatment of the patients affected by this disease. Although NECa usually has an aggressive behavior, 28% of our patients survived at least 5 years.
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              Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Female Reproductive Tract: A Literature Review

              Yi Chun (2015)
              Neuroendocrine tumors of the female reproductive tract are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that display various histologic findings and biologic behaviors. In this review, the classification and clinicopathologic characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors of the female reproductive tract are described. Differential diagnoses are discussed, especially for non-neuroendocrine tumors showing high-grade nuclei with neuroendocrine differentiation. This review also discusses recent advances in our pathogenetic understanding of these disorders.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Rep Oncol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Rep Oncol
                Journal ID (hwp): CRO
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRO
                Title: Case Reports in Oncology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG (Basel, Switzerland )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1662-6575
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 November 2023
                Publication date Collection: Jan-Dec 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 15 November 2023
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 1402-1408
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
                [b ]Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
                [c ]Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: CuiQin Sang, sangcuiqin2020@ 123456126.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 534622
                DOI: 10.1159/000534622
                PMC ID: 10651180
                SO-VID: ebef0e1e-a875-44e2-8795-280895283e71
                Copyright © © 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC) ( http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.

                History
                Date received : 6 September 2023
                Date accepted : 9 October 2023
                Date: 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 2, References: 12, Pages: 7
                Funding
                No funding was received.
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: neuroendocrine tumor,hypothermia,squamous cell carcinoma
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: neuroendocrine tumor, hypothermia, squamous cell carcinoma

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