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      H3K18Ac as a Marker of Cancer Progression and Potential Target of Anti-Cancer Therapy

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          Abstract

          Acetylation and deacetylation are posttranslational modifications (PTMs) which affect the regulation of chromatin structure and its remodeling. Acetylation of histone 3 at lysine placed on position 18 (H3K18Ac) plays an important role in driving progression of many types of cancer, including breast, colon, lung, hepatocellular, pancreatic, prostate, and thyroid cancer. The aim of this review is to analyze and discuss the newest findings regarding the role of H3K18Ac and acetylation of other histones in carcinogenesis. We summarize the level of H3K18Ac in different cancer cell lines and analyze its association with patients’ outcomes, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Finally, we describe future perspectives of cancer therapeutic strategies based on H3K18 modifications.

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          Most cited references130

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          Targeting oncogenic Myc as a strategy for cancer treatment

          The MYC family oncogene is deregulated in >50% of human cancers, and this deregulation is frequently associated with poor prognosis and unfavorable patient survival. Myc has a central role in almost every aspect of the oncogenic process, orchestrating proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and metabolism. Although Myc inhibition would be a powerful approach for the treatment of many types of cancers, direct targeting of Myc has been a challenge for decades owing to its “undruggable” protein structure. Hence, alternatives to Myc blockade have been widely explored to achieve desirable anti-tumor effects, including Myc/Max complex disruption, MYC transcription and/or translation inhibition, and Myc destabilization as well as the synthetic lethality associated with Myc overexpression. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in targeting oncogenic Myc, particularly for cancer therapeutic purposes.
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            CBP/p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development.

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              HATs and HDACs: from structure, function and regulation to novel strategies for therapy and prevention.

              Acetylation of the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue was first discovered with histones in 1968, but the responsible enzymes, histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases, were not identified until the mid-1990s. In the past decade, knowledge about this modification has exploded, with targets rapidly expanding from histones to transcription factors and other nuclear proteins, and then to cytoskeleton, metabolic enzymes, and signaling regulators in the cytoplasm. Thus, protein lysine acetylation has emerged as a major post-translational modification to rival phosphorylation. In this issue of Oncogene, 19 articles review various aspects of the enzymes governing lysine acetylation, especially about their intimate links to cancer. To introduce the articles, we highlight here four central themes: (i) multisubunit enzymatic complexes; (ii) non-histone substrates in diverse cellular processes; (iii) interplay of lysine acetylation with other regulatory mechanisms, such as noncoding RNA-mediated gene silencing and activation; and (iv) novel therapeutic strategies and preventive measures to combat cancer and other human diseases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Cells
                Cells
                cells
                Cells
                MDPI
                2073-4409
                22 May 2019
                May 2019
                : 8
                : 5
                : 485
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; anna.wawruszak@ 123456umlub.pl (A.W.); alicja.przybyszewska@ 123456umlub.pl (A.P.); anna.jaruga@ 123456umlub.pl (A.J.); malgorzata.guz@ 123456umlub.pl (M.G.); joanna.kalafut@ 123456umlub.pl (J.K.); andrzej.stepulak@ 123456umlub.pl (A.S.); marek.cybulski@ 123456umlub.pl (M.C.)
                [2 ]Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Trojdena 2a St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; anna.jaruga@ 123456umlub.pl
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: martahalasa@ 123456umlub.pl or marta.halasa@ 123456umlub.pl ; Tel.: +48-81-448-6350
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-4577
                Article
                cells-08-00485
                10.3390/cells8050485
                6562857
                31121824
                e7687952-8628-4c50-af32-4b1993394d29
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 15 April 2019
                : 16 May 2019
                Categories
                Review

                histone acetylation,histone deacetylation,hats,hdacs,h3k18ac,cancer hallmarks

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