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      The disappointment of financial support measures during the COVID-19 pandemic among small business managers’ in Sweden

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          Abstract

          The COVID-19 pandemic is viewed as an emergent social phenomenon with several negative effects, e.g., financial decline of small businesses, as well as worsened sense of well-being. The aim of this article is to explore small business managers’ perceptions of governmental financial support measures and relate them to how they experienced their own health and consequences on their work environment. This mixed-method study was performed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. A survey was conducted during the period from October 2020 to February 2021 and answered by 729 small business managers, followed by ten interviews in March 2021. The key result shows that the managers were dissatisfied with the governmental financial support measures implemented. The results show that the attitudes of the small business managers towards the financial support measures may have had a negative impact on their subjective health. The study indicates a mismatch between the needs of small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic and how society provides resources through support systems. This in turn may have meant a limitation on the government’s ability to assist small business owners with financial support during the pandemic.

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          The qualitative content analysis process.

          This paper is a description of inductive and deductive content analysis. Content analysis is a method that may be used with either qualitative or quantitative data and in an inductive or deductive way. Qualitative content analysis is commonly used in nursing studies but little has been published on the analysis process and many research books generally only provide a short description of this method. When using content analysis, the aim was to build a model to describe the phenomenon in a conceptual form. Both inductive and deductive analysis processes are represented as three main phases: preparation, organizing and reporting. The preparation phase is similar in both approaches. The concepts are derived from the data in inductive content analysis. Deductive content analysis is used when the structure of analysis is operationalized on the basis of previous knowledge. Inductive content analysis is used in cases where there are no previous studies dealing with the phenomenon or when it is fragmented. A deductive approach is useful if the general aim was to test a previous theory in a different situation or to compare categories at different time periods.
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            The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature.

            The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is among the most widely used questionnaires assessing subjective psychological well-being. Since its first publication in 1998, the WHO-5 has been translated into more than 30 languages and has been used in research studies all over the world. We now provide a systematic review of the literature on the WHO-5.
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              Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research

              Combining the latest thinking in the field with practical, step-by-step guidance, the Third Edition of John W. Creswell and Vicki L. Plano Clark’s Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research now covers seven mixed methods designs with accompanying journal articles illustrating each design. The authors walk readers through the entire research process, and present updated examples from published mixed methods studies drawn from multiple disciplines. In addition, this new edition includes information about the dynamic and evolving nature of the field of mixed methods research, four additional methodological approaches, and coverage of new directions in mixed methods.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                asa.tjulin@miun.se
                Journal
                SN Bus Econ
                SN Bus Econ
                Sn Business & Economics
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                2662-9399
                9 October 2022
                9 October 2022
                2022
                : 2
                : 11
                : 166
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.29050.3e, ISNI 0000 0001 1530 0805, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, , Mid Sweden University, ; Östersund, Sweden
                [2 ]GRID grid.477667.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0624 1008, Unit of Research, Education and Development, , Östersund Hospital, ; Östersund, Sweden
                [3 ]GRID grid.5947.f, ISNI 0000 0001 1516 2393, Department of Social Work and Health Sciences, , Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, ; Trondheim, Norway
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-7865
                Article
                347
                10.1007/s43546-022-00347-7
                9548304
                36246097
                e3384863-5646-4f1a-a4c1-6ecce237df19
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 19 March 2022
                : 2 October 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002706, AFA Försäkring;
                Award ID: 200235
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Mid Sweden University
                Categories
                Original Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022

                financial support measures,small business managers,covid-19,health,sweden,i15,i18

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