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      Traces of Human Migrations in Helicobacter pylori Populations

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          Abstract

          Helicobacter pylori , a chronic gastric pathogen of human beings, can be divided into seven populations and subpopulations with distinct geographical distributions. These modern populations derive their gene pools from ancestral populations that arose in Africa, Central Asia, and East Asia. Subsequent spread can be attributed to human migratory fluxes such as the prehistoric colonization of Polynesia and the Americas, the neolithic introduction of farming to Europe, the Bantu expansion within Africa, and the slave trade.

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          Inference of Population Structure Using Multilocus Genotype Data

          Jonathan Pritchard, Matthew Stephens, Peter Donnelly … (2001)
          We describe a model-based clustering method for using multilocus genotype data to infer population structure and assign individuals to populations. We assume a model in which there are K populations (where K may be unknown), each of which is characterized by a set of allele frequencies at each locus. Individuals in the sample are assigned (probabilistically) to populations, or jointly to two or more populations if their genotypes indicate that they are admixed. Our model does not assume a particular mutation process, and it can be applied to most of the commonly used genetic markers, provided that they are not closely linked. Applications of our method include demonstrating the presence of population structure, assigning individuals to populations, studying hybrid zones, and identifying migrants and admixed individuals. We show that the method can produce highly accurate assignments using modest numbers of loci—e.g., seven microsatellite loci in an example using genotype data from an endangered bird species. The software used for this article is available from http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~pritch/home.html.
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            Helicobacter pylori virulence and genetic geography.

            A Covacci, J Telford, G. Del Giudice … (1999)
            Isolated for the first time in 1982 from human gastric biopsy, Helicobacter pylori is responsible for gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. A pathogenicity island acquired by horizontal transfer, coding for a type IV secretion system, is a major determinant of virulence. The infection is now treated with antibiotics, and vaccines are in preparation. The geographic distribution suggests coevolution of man and Helicobacter pylori.
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              The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective.

              O Semino, G Passarino, P J Oefner … (2000)
              A genetic perspective of human history in Europe was derived from 22 binary markers of the nonrecombining Y chromosome (NRY). Ten lineages account for >95% of the 1007 European Y chromosomes studied. Geographic distribution and age estimates of alleles are compatible with two Paleolithic and one Neolithic migratory episode that have contributed to the modern European gene pool. A significant correlation between the NRY haplotype data and principal components based on 95 protein markers was observed, indicating the effectiveness of NRY binary polymorphisms in the characterization of human population composition and history.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Science
                Abbreviated Title: Science
                Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                ISSN (Print): 0036-8075
                ISSN (Electronic): 1095-9203
                Publication date Created: March 07 2003
                Publication date (Print): March 07 2003
                Volume: 299
                Issue: 5612
                Pages: 1582-1585
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck Institut für Infektionsbiologie, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
                [2 ]Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
                [3 ]Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–4322, USA.
                [4 ]Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520–8062, USA.
                [5 ]Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016–9196, USA.
                [6 ]VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
                [7 ]Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
                [8 ]Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Straβe 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
                Article
                DOI: 10.1126/science.1080857
                PubMed ID: 12624269
                SO-VID: dd85ef75-1c96-4ba4-b68c-333904fc48f6
                Copyright © © 2003
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