To Study the Distress, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Essential Workers

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Abstract

Essential care workers like police personnel, social workers, and office and administrative staff of health institutions are also at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure along with healthcare workers. The present study aims to estimate the distress, anxiety, depression, and sleep impact of COVID-19 pandemic on essential workers through an online survey. This cross-sectional study (included 369 participants) was conducted in Chandigarh through an online survey using three psychological scales: Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI), Insomnia Severity Index, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Three-hundred-sixty-nine frontline warriors from hospital and community settings were included in the study. The respondents include police personnel (274; 73.66%), office staff (24; 6.45%), social workers (53; 14.24%), and media staff (21; 5.65%). Maximum distress was reported by media/transport officials on duty (85.7%). The majority of them scored high (>14), and slightly less than one-fourth (23.8%) scored significantly abnormal (>23) on PDI. About 42.9% reported moderate insomnia, 52.4% exhibited severe anxiety, and 33.3% of media/transport participants reported severe depression. Psychological morbidity is high in media/transport and social workers working in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

Cuiyan Wang, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan … (2020)

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019

Jianbo Lai, Simeng Ma, Ying Wang … (2020)

Key Points Question What factors are associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers in China who are treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals equipped with fever clinics or wards for patients with COVID-19 in multiple regions of China, a considerable proportion of health care workers reported experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, especially women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers directly engaged in diagnosing, treating, or providing nursing care to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Meaning These findings suggest that, among Chinese health care workers exposed to COVID-19, women, nurses, those in Wuhan, and front-line health care workers have a high risk of developing unfavorable mental health outcomes and may need psychological support or interventions.

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A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations

Jianyin Qiu, Bin Shen, Min Zhao … (2020)

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic emerged in Wuhan, China, spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020. The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people’s lives. It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, such as panic disorder, anxiety and depression. This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Community Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian J Community Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJCM

Journal ID (publisher-id): Indian J Community Med

Title: Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine

Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )

ISSN (Print): 0970-0218

ISSN (Electronic): 1998-3581

Publication date (Print): Mar-Apr 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 07 March 2024

Volume: 49

Issue: 2

Pages: 424-428

Affiliations

[1]Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, India

[1 ]Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, India

[2 ]Department of Anesthesia, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, India

[3 ]Department of Anatomy, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India

[4 ]Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, India

[5 ]Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

[6 ]Department of School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

[7 ]GGDSD College, Chandigarh, India

[8 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, India

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Lokesh Saini, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. E-mail: drlokeshsaini@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: IJCM-49-424

DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_140_23

PMC ID: 11042145

PubMed ID: 38665460

SO-VID: dce269f2-5fdd-4208-8811-5bb97b02fdad

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This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

To Study the Distress, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Essential Workers

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 25

Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019

A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations

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