4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Relations between Crooks and Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation relations in driven classical Markovian systems

      Preprint
      ,

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          In this paper, we address an important question of the relationship between fluctuation theorems for the dissipated work Wd=WΔF with general finite-time (like Jarzynski equality and Crooks relation) and infinite-time (like Gallavotti-Cohen theorem) drive protocols. The relations between these kinds of fluctuation relations are uncovered based on the examples of a classical Markovian N-level system. The further consequences of these relations are discussed with respect to the possible experimental verifications.

          Related collections

          Most cited references4

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Verification of the Crooks fluctuation theorem and recovery of RNA folding free energies

          The description of nonequilibrium processes in nano-sized objects, where the typical energies involved are a few times, is increasingly becoming central to disciplines as diverse as condensed-matter physics, materials science, and biophysics. Major recent developments towards a unified treatment of arbitrarily large fluctuations in small systems are described by fluctuation theorems that relate the probabilities of a system absorbing from or releasing to the bath a given amount of energy in a nonequilibrium process. Here we experimentally verify the Crooks Fluctuation Theorem (CFT) under weak and strong nonequilibrium conditions by using optical tweezers to measure the irreversible mechanical work during the unfolding and refolding of a small RNA hairpin and an RNA three-helix junction. We also show that the CFT provides a powerful way to obtain folding free energies in biomolecules by determining the crossing between the unfolding and refolding irreversible work distributions. The method makes it possible to obtain folding free energies in nonequilibrium processes that dissipate up to of the average total work exerted, thereby paving the way for reconstructing free energy landscapes along reaction coordinates in nonequilibrium single-molecule experiments.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Information heat engine: converting information to energy by feedback control

            In 1929, Leo Szilard invented a feedback protocol in which a hypothetical intelligence called Maxwell's demon pumps heat from an isothermal environment and transduces it to work. After an intense controversy that lasted over eighty years; it was finally clarified that the demon's role does not contradict the second law of thermodynamics, implying that we can convert information to free energy in principle. Nevertheless, experimental demonstration of this information-to-energy conversion has been elusive. Here, we demonstrate that a nonequilibrium feedback manipulation of a Brownian particle based on information about its location achieves a Szilard-type information-energy conversion. Under real-time feedback control, the particle climbs up a spiral-stairs-like potential exerted by an electric field and obtains free energy larger than the amount of work performed on it. This enables us to verify the generalized Jarzynski equality, or a new fundamental principle of "information-heat engine" which converts information to energy by feedback control.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              Universal features in the energetics of symmetry breaking

              A symmetry breaking (SB) involves an abrupt change in the set of microstates that a system can explore. This change has unavoidable thermodynamic implications. According to Boltzmann's microscopic interpretation of entropy, a shrinkage of the set of compatible states implies a decrease of entropy, which eventually needs to be compensated by dissipation of heat and consequently requires work. Examples are the compression of a gas and the erasure of information. On the other hand, in a spontaneous SB, the available phase space volume changes without the need for work, yielding an apparent decrease of entropy. Here we show that this decrease of entropy is a key ingredient in the Szilard engine and Landauer's principle and report on a direct measurement of the entropy change along SB transitions in a Brownian particle. The SB is induced by a bistable potential created with two optical traps. The experiment confirms theoretical results based on fluctuation theorems, allows us to reproduce the Szilard engine extracting energy from a single thermal bath, and shows that the signature of a SB in the energetics is measurable, providing new methods to detect, for example, the coexistence of metastable states in macromolecules.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                28 December 2018
                Article
                1812.11144
                dc77efae-bfb4-49ef-84ab-d4b6d3047ead

                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

                History
                Custom metadata
                16 pages, 2 figures, 63 references
                cond-mat.stat-mech

                Condensed matter
                Condensed matter

                Comments

                Comment on this article