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      Quem ganhou as eleições?: a validação dos resultados antes da criação da justiça eleitoral Translated title: Who won the election?: the validation of the results before the creation of the electoral court

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          Abstract

          O presente artigo revisita a Primeira República brasileira (1894-1930) para elucidar a dinâmica político-partidária do contencioso eleitoral numa fase anterior à consagração da magistratura enquanto órgão proclamador da verdade das urnas, prerrogativa instituída somente com o Código de 1932. Recorremos à crítica dos protestos eleitorais e de suas refutações, quando existentes, apresentados por adversários políticos frente aos resultados dos escrutínios para a Câmara Federal - fontes ainda inéditas, disponíveis nos Diários e Anais da própria Casa legislativa. Os dados levantados mostram que, ao contrário da visão disseminada pela literatura, a degola das oposições não era usual, mas restrita a anos críticos, quando o situacionismo local não conseguia coordenar as disputas regionais pelo poder. Na maioria dos casos, o parlamento, que arbitrava sobre o reconhecimento dos seus diplomados, tendia a ratificar as escolhas adotadas ao nível subnacional. Desta forma, o caso brasileiro alerta para o fato de não se poder ler a adoção de tribunais independentes como mera resposta à solução do contencioso político que ocorria no parlamento, bem limitado. Tal achado nos permite pensar, antes, o advento da Justiça Eleitoral dentro de um projeto de reforma política mais ampla, incluindo a defesa de mecanismos democráticos para as eleições e que antecedem a validação dos votos.

          Translated abstract

          This article revisits the process of certification of election results by the National Congress during the Brazilian First Republic (1894-1930) before the Electoral Code of 1932 was created. We analyzed data on electoral protests and counter-protests submitted by political opponents to challenge electoral results of the Chamber of Deputies - unpublished sources available in Diaries and Annals of Deputies itself. Contrary to the widespread view in the literature we show that the practice kown as 'degola' ('beheading') whereby electoral results were altered by Congress, was not usual, but restricted to critical years, during moment of political uncertainty at state level. In most cases the Chamber of Deputies ratified the decision taken at the subnational level. Thus, the Brazilian case alert us to the fact that the adoption of independent courts is not just a mere response of how to solve electoral disputes that occurred in the parliament during the certification process. This finding allows us to think about the introduction of Electoral Justice as part of a broader project of political reform, including resolution mechanisms for the administration of elections.

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          Capitalismo, socialismo y democracia

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            Cidadania no Brasil: o longo caminho

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rsocp
                Revista de Sociologia e Política
                Rev. Sociol. Polit.
                Universidade Federal do Paraná (Curitiba )
                1678-9873
                March 2013
                : 21
                : 45
                : 91-105
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0104-44782013000100008
                10.1590/S0104-44782013000100008
                db7150f2-228b-4170-bfcf-3aae84393ca4

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-4478&lng=en
                Categories
                POLITICAL SCIENCE
                SOCIOLOGY

                Sociology,Political science
                Electoral Justice,political representation,Brazilian First Republic,beheading,Justiça Eleitoral,representação política,Primeira República,degola

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