Anticancer Principles from Medicinal Piper (胡椒 Hú Jiāo) Plants

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Abstract

The ethnomedical uses of Piper (胡椒 Hú Jiāo) plants as anticancer agents, in vitro cytotoxic activity of both extracts and compounds from Piper plants, and in vivo antitumor activity and mechanism of action of selected compounds are reviewed in the present paper. The genus Piper (Piperaceae) contains approximately 2000 species, of which 10 species have been used in traditional medicines to treat cancer or cancer-like symptoms. Studies have shown that 35 extracts from 24 Piper species and 32 compounds from Piper plants possess cytotoxic activity. Amide alkaloids account for 53% of the major active principles. Among them, piplartine (piperlongumine) shows the most promise, being toxic to dozens of cancer cell lines and having excellent in vivo activity. It is worthwhile to conduct further anticancer studies both in vitro and in vivo on Piper plants and their active principles.

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Mexican medicinal plants used for cancer treatment: pharmacological, phytochemical and ethnobotanical studies.

Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro, Maria Luisa Villarreal, Luis A Salazar-Olivo … (2011)

This review provides a summary of Mexican medicinal flora in terms of ethnobotanical, pharmacology, and chemistry of natural products related to anticancer activity. Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing recognized books and peer-reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last five decades. Mexican plants with attributed anti-cancer properties were classified into six groups: (a) plant extracts that have been evaluated for cytotoxic effects, (b) plant extracts that have documented anti-tumoral effects, (c) plants with active compounds tested on cancer cell lines, (d) plants with novel active compounds found only in Mexican species, (e) plants with active compounds that have been assayed on animal models and (f) plants with anti-cancer ethnopharmacological references but without scientific studies. Three hundred plant species belonging to 90 botanical families used for cancer treatment have been recorded, of which only 181 have been experimentally analyzed. The remaining 119 plant species are in use in empirical treatment of diseases consistent with cancer symptomatology. Only 88 of the plant extracts experimentally studied in in vitro cellular models have demonstrated active cytotoxic effects in at least one cancer cell line, and 14 out of the 88 have also been tested in vivo with the results that one of them demonstrated anti-neoplasic effects. A total of 187 compounds, belonging to 19 types of plant secondary metabolites, have been isolated from 51 plant extracts with active cytotoxic effects, but only 77 of these compounds (41%) have demonstrated cytoxicity. Seventeen of these active principles have not been reported in other plant species. However, only 5 compounds have been evaluated in vivo, and 3 of them could be considered as active. Clearly, this review indicates that it is time to increase the number of experimental studies and to begin to conduct clinical trials with those Mexican plants and its active compounds selected by in vitro and in vivo activities. Also, the mechanisms of action by which plant extracts and their active compounds exert anti-cancer effects remain to be studied. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Cytotoxicity of some Cameroonian spices and selected medicinal plant extracts.

Victor Kuete, Benjamin Krusche, Mahmoud Youns … (2011)

Several medicinal plants and spices are used traditionally to treat cancers in Cameroon. Methanol extracts from thirty-four spices and plants, with related ethnobotanical use were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxicity on the human pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2, leukemia CCRF-CEM cells and their multidrug resistant (MDR) subline CEM/ADR5000, and the normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition the anti-angiogenic properties of the most active extracts were investigated. The MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay was used for cytotoxic studies and the CAM-assay (chicken-chorioallantoic-membrane-assay) for anti-angiogenesis test. The results of the cytotoxicity tests indicated that, when tested at 20 μg/ml, extracts from Xylopia aethiopica, Echinops giganteus, Imperata cylindrica, Dorstenia psilirus and Piper capense were able to inhibit more that 50% the proliferation of the three tested cancer cells (MiaPaCa-2, CEM/ADR5000 CCRF-CEM). The lowest IC(50) values of 6.86 μg/ml on MiaPaCa-2 and 3.91 μg/ml on CCRF-CEM cells were obtained with X. aethiopica, while the corresponding value of 6.56 μg/ml was obtained with P. capense on CEM/ADR5000 cells. Against leukemia cells, no cross-resistance was observed with I. cylindrica, P. capense and Zinziber officinalis. Extracts from D. psilirus and E. giganteus were able to inhibit angiogenesis by more than 50% in quail embryo. The overall results of the present study provide supportive data on the use of some Cameroonian plants for cancer treatment. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Cytotoxic activity of Thai medicinal plants against human cholangiocarcinoma, laryngeal and hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro

Wiratchanee Mahavorasirikul, Vithoon Viyanant, Wanna Chaijaroenkul … (2010)

Background Cholangiocarcinoma is a serious public health in Thailand with increasing incidence and mortality rates. The present study aimed to investigate cytotoxic activities of crude ethanol extracts of a total of 28 plants and 5 recipes used in Thai folklore medicine against human cholangiocarcinoma (CL-6), human laryngeal (Hep-2), and human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell lines in vitro. Methods Cytotoxic activity of the plant extracts against the cancerous cell lines compared with normal cell line (renal epithelial cell: HRE) were assessed using MTT assay. 5-fluorouracil was used as a positive control. The IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) and the selectivity index (SI) were calculated. Results The extracts from seven plant species (Atractylodes lancea, Kaempferia galangal, Zingiber officinal, Piper chaba, Mesua ferrea, Ligusticum sinense, Mimusops elengi) and one folklore recipe (Pra-Sa-Prao-Yhai) exhibited promising activity against the cholangiocarcinoma CL-6 cell line with survival of less than 50% at the concentration of 50 μg/ml. Among these, the extracts from the five plants and one recipe (Atractylodes lancea, Kaempferia galangal, Zingiber officinal, Piper chaba, Mesua ferrea, and Pra-Sa-Prao-Yhai recipe) showed potent cytotoxic activity with mean IC50 values of 24.09, 37.36, 34.26, 40.74, 48.23 and 44.12 μg/ml, respectively. All possessed high activity against Hep-2 cell with mean IC50 ranging from 18.93 to 32.40 μg/ml. In contrast, activity against the hepatoma cell HepG2 varied markedly; mean IC50 ranged from 9.67 to 115.47 μg/ml. The only promising extract was from Zingiber officinal (IC50 = 9.67 μg/ml). The sensitivity of all the four cells to 5-FU also varied according to cell types, particularly with CL-6 cell (IC50 = 757 micromolar). The extract from Atractylodes lancea appears to be both the most potent and most selective against cholangiocarcinoma (IC50 = 24.09 μg/ml, SI = 8.6). Conclusions The ethanolic extracts from five plants and one folklore recipe showed potent cytotoxic activity against CL-6 cell. Sensitivity to other cancerous cell lines varied according to cell types and the hepatocarcinoma cell line. HepG2 appears to be the most resistant to the tested extracts.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Tradit Complement Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Tradit Complement Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): JTCM

Title: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )

ISSN (Electronic): 2225-4110

Publication date (Print): Jan-Mar 2014

Volume: 4

Issue: 1

Pages: 8-16

Affiliations

[1 ]Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

[2 ]Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.

[3 ]College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

[4 ]Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

Author notes

Correspondence to: Prof. Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA. Tel.: 919-962-0066; Fax: 919-966-3893; E-mail, khlee@ 123456unc.edu or Prof. Chun-Lin Long, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China. Tel./Fax: +86-10-68930381; E-mail: long@ 123456mail.kib.ac.cn or Dr. Yue-Hu Wang, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China. Tel./Fax: +86-0871-65223318; E-mail: wangyuehu@ 123456mail.kib.ac.cn

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Publisher ID: JTCM-4-8

DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.124811

PMC ID: 4032846

PubMed ID: 24872928

SO-VID: db1283ce-761a-4fd1-bc4a-b55bf527ee58

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Anticancer Principles from Medicinal Piper (胡椒 Hú Jiāo) Plants

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Most cited references 83

Mexican medicinal plants used for cancer treatment: pharmacological, phytochemical and ethnobotanical studies.

Cytotoxicity of some Cameroonian spices and selected medicinal plant extracts.

Cytotoxic activity of Thai medicinal plants against human cholangiocarcinoma, laryngeal and hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro

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