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      Molecular Mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer

      review-article
      Author(s):
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer
      Publisher: Springer US
      Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Gastric cancer, Cytotoxin-associated gene A, Vacuolating cytotoxin A

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Various types of cancers threaten human life. The role of bacteria in causing cancer is controversial, but it has been determined that the Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the identified risk factors for gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent, and about half of the world ,s population is infected with it.

          Objective

          The aim of this study was the role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of gastric cancer.

          Method

          We obtained information from previously published articles.

          Results and Conclusion

          The bacterium has various virulence factors, including cytotoxin- associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin A, and the different outer membrane proteins that cause cancer by different mechanisms. These virulence factors activate cell signaling pathways such as PI3-kinase/Akt, JAK/STAT and Ras, Raf, and ERK signaling that control cell proliferation. Uncontrolled proliferation can lead to cancer.

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          Most cited references81

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          Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention

          Cristian Tomasetti, Lu Li, Bert Vogelstein (2017)
          Cancers are caused by mutations that may be inherited, induced by environmental factors, or result from DNA replication errors (R). We studied the relationship between the number of normal stem cell divisions and the risk of 17 cancer types in 69 countries throughout the world. The data revealed a strong correlation (median = 0.80) between cancer incidence and normal stem cell divisions in all countries, regardless of their environment. The major role of R mutations in cancer etiology was supported by an independent approach, based solely on cancer genome sequencing and epidemiological data, which suggested that R mutations are responsible for two-thirds of the mutations in human cancers. All of these results are consistent with epidemiological estimates of the fraction of cancers that can be prevented by changes in the environment. Moreover, they accentuate the importance of early detection and intervention to reduce deaths from the many cancers arising from unavoidable R mutations.
          Article 0 comments Cited 364 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its inhibitors in diseases

            Ping Xin, Xiaoyun Xu, Chengjie Deng … (2020)
            The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is an universally expressed intracellular signal transduction pathway and involved in many crucial biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune regulation. It provides a direct mechanism for extracellular factors-regulated gene expression. Current researches on this pathway have been focusing on the inflammatory and neoplastic diseases and related drug. The mechanism of JAK/STAT signaling is relatively simple. However, the biological consequences of the pathway are complicated due to its crosstalk with other signaling pathways. In addition, there is increasing evidence indicates that the persistent activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway is closely related to many immune and inflammatory diseases, yet the specific mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to study the detailed mechanisms of JAK/STAT signaling in disease formation to provide critical reference for clinical treatments of the diseases. In this review, we focus on the structure of JAKs and STATs, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its negative regulators, the associated diseases, and the JAK inhibitors for the clinical therapy.
            Article 0 comments Cited 235 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Helicobacter pylori adhesin binding fucosylated histo-blood group antigens revealed by retagging.

              D Ilver, A Arnqvist, J. Ögren … (1998)
              The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent for peptic ulcer disease. Bacterial adherence to the human gastric epithelial lining is mediated by the fucosylated Lewis b (Leb) histo-blood group antigen. The Leb-binding adhesin, BabA, was purified by receptor activity-directed affinity tagging. The bacterial Leb-binding phenotype was associated with the presence of the cag pathogenicity island among clinical isolates of H. pylori. A vaccine strategy based on the BabA adhesin might serve as a means to target the virulent type I strains of H. pylori.
              Article 0 comments Cited 225 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Majid Alipour:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0889-7476
                alipourmk@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Gastrointest Cancer
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Gastrointest Cancer
                Title: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer
                Publisher: Springer US (New York )
                ISSN (Print): 1941-6628
                ISSN (Electronic): 1941-6636
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 September 2020
                Pages: 1-8
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.467532.1, ISNI 0000 0004 4912 2930, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, , Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, ; Babol, Iran
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0889-7476
                Article
                Publisher ID: 518
                DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00518-5
                PMC ID: 7487264
                PubMed ID: 32926335
                SO-VID: d7a285eb-ba32-47cd-91b6-a10febbffd8e
                Copyright © © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date accepted : 9 September 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: helicobacter pylori,gastric cancer,cytotoxin-associated gene a,vacuolating cytotoxin a
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: helicobacter pylori, gastric cancer, cytotoxin-associated gene a, vacuolating cytotoxin a

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