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      Latin american environmental thinking revisited: the polyphony of buen vivir Translated title: Revisitando el pensamiento ambiental latinoamericano: la polifonía del buen vivir

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          Abstract

          Abstract Following the guiding thread of recent Ecuadorian economic history, this paper aims to mirror the evolution of environmental discourses across the Latin American region. During the last decades of the twentieth century, increasing social environmental awareness added up to the penetration of environmental thinking into the states’ developmental policymaking. For Ecuador, this cocktail resulted in the long-run in a particular discourse: Buen vivir. Central to rationalize buen vivir was its socioecological dimension, founded on a harmonic relationship between society and nature. Buen vivir was meant to materialize in a plan to save part of the Ecuadorian Amazonia from oil drilling by leaving a significant portion of the country’s reserves under the ground in exchange for an international monetary compensation: The Yasuní-ITT initiative. Despite the fact that the plan mobilized state and society, it succumbed to forty-years of oil dependence of Ecuadorian economy, politics, and society. The termination of the initiative unveiled two antagonist environmental discourses. Whereas the state held the notion of natural resources available for commodification in the global market, society bet on alternative meanings of nature such as natural heritage and ancient peoples’ habitat and means of existence. As outcomes of the foreseeable divorce between the environmental discourses, buen vivir turned into a polyphonic concept and the struggle over a hegemonic environmental discourse resumed. It is argued that during the twenty-first century, one of the consequences of such a struggle is the construction of different meanings of development alike.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Siguiendo el hilo conductor de la historia económica reciente del Ecuador, este artículo pretende reflejar la evolución de los discursos ambientales en la región latinoamericana. Durante las últimas décadas del siglo veinte, la conciencia ambiental de la sociedad se combinó con la penetración del pensamiento ambiental en la formulación de las políticas estatales. En el Ecuador, este coctel resultó en el largo plazo en un discurso específico: el buen vivir, cuya dimensión socio-ecológica se fundamentó en la relación armónica entre la sociedad y la naturaleza. La materialización del buen vivir debió plasmarse en la iniciativa Yasuní-ITT, un plan para salvar parte de la Amazonía ecuatoriana de la actividad petrolera, renunciando a extraer una porción significativa de las reservas del país. El plan movilizó al Estado y a la sociedad, pero sucumbió a cuarenta años de dependencia del petróleo. La terminación de la iniciativa develó dos discursos ambientales antagónicos. Mientras el Estado justificaba la noción de los recursos naturales para la mercantilización, la sociedad defendió visiones alternativas de la naturaleza relacionadas con el patrimonio y el hábitat de grupos originarios. El divorcio previsible de los dos discursos reveló la polifonía del buen vivir y reanudó la lucha por un discurso ambiental predominante. El artículo argumenta también que una de las consecuencias de esa lucha es la construcción semiótica de distintos significados de desarrollo.

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          The extractive imperative in Latin America

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            El desarrollo sostenible. Diálogo de discursos

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              Nada dura para siempre. Neo-extractivismo tras el boom de las materias primas

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                dreh
                Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia
                Diálogos rev. electr. hist
                Escuela de Historia. Universidad de Costa Rica (San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica )
                1409-469X
                December 2020
                : 21
                : 2
                : 215-236
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameFacultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO) Ecuador
                Article
                S1409-469X2020000200215 S1409-469X(20)02100200215
                10.15517/dre.v21i2.39433
                d4358beb-2b34-43ee-beb4-71f0bd399ab1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 October 2019
                : 12 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 68, Pages: 22
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica


                development,Ecuador,buen vivir,neoextractivismo,discurso ambiental,naturaleza,desarrollo,good living,neo-extractivism,environmental discourse,nature

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